Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Abstract: The recent expansion of oil palm in Indonesia is largely smallholder-driven. However, its socio-economic implications are under-examined. Analyzing farm-household data from Jambi Province, Sumatra, oil palm adoption is found to have positive consumption and nutrition effects. However, these effects are largely due to farm size expansion that is associated with oil palm adoption. Potential heterogeneity of effects among oil palm adopters is examined using quantile regressions. While nutrition effects of oil palm adoption are found to be homogenous across quantiles, the effects on non-food expenditure are expressed more strongly at the upper end of the expenditure distribution. Terms of use: Documents in

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Abstract: Many tropical regions experience a rapid expansion of oil palm, causing massive land use changes and raising serious environmental and social concerns. Indonesia has recently become the largest palm oil producer worldwide. While much of the production in Indonesia comes from largescale plantations, independently operating smallholders are increasing in importance and may dominate production in the future. In order to control the process of land use change, the micro level factors influencing smallholder decisions need to be better understood. We use data from a survey of farm households in Sumatra and a duration model to analyze the patterns and dynamics of oil palm adoption among smallholders. Initially, smallholders were primarily involved in government-supported out-grower schemes, but since the mid-1990s independently operating oil palm farmers have become much more important. In addition to farm and household characteristics, village level factors determine oil palm adoption significantly. Independent smallholders adopt oil palm especially in those villages that also have contracts and out-grower schemes, leading to a regional path-dependency of former government policies. Terms of use: Documents in

Rising global demand for vegetable oil during the last few decades has led to a drastic increase in the land area under oil palm. Especially in Southeast Asia, the oil palm boom has contributed to economic growth, but it has also spurred criticism about negative environmental and social effects. Here, we discuss palm oil production and consumption trends and review environmental, economic, and social consequences in different parts of the world. The oil palm expansion has contributed to tropical deforestation and associated losses in biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Simultaneously, it has increased incomes, generated employment, and reduced poverty among farm and nonfarm households. Around 50% of the worldwide oil palm land is managed by smallholders. Sustainability trade-offs between preserving global public environmental goods and private economic benefits need to be reduced. We discuss policy implications related to productivity growth, rainforest protection, mosaic landscapes, land property rights, sustainability certification, and smallholder inclusion, among others. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Resource Economics, Volume 12 is October 5, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

In this article, the impacts of oil palm adoption on livelihoods of smallholder farm households are analyzed. The study builds on survey data from Sumatra, Indonesia. Treatment-effects and endogenous switching regression models suggest that smallholder households benefit from oil palm adoption on average. Part of the benefit stems from the fact that oil palm requires less labor than rubber, the main alternative crop. This allows oil palm adopters to allocate more labor to off-farm activities and/or to expand their farmland. For households with a low land-to-labor ratio, rubber is typically a more lucrative crop than oil palm. Depending on various social and institutional factors, households' access to land, labor, and capital varies, contributing to impact heterogeneity. Welfare gains associated with oil palm are more pronounced among households that have formal land titles and access to additional land to expand their farm size during the process of adoption.JEL classifications: Q12, Q15

No abstract

This paper analyzes the impact of macroeconomic indicator (including the production index, inflation, Bank Indonesia rate, Jakarta stock index, exchange rate and the crude oil price) on the state owned banks’ performance. We apply the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) on the banking data ranging from 2006-2013, and provide us several findings. First, the impulse response function shows the largest response of the bank overhead cost (BOPO) due to the macroeconomic shock; we argue the volatility of this bank efficiency indicator, reflects the inefficiency of the banks in Indonesian. Second, the amount of loan and the lending to deposit ratio (LDR) provide the weakest response due to the macroeconomic shock. This is in line with the result of variance decomposition, where the macroeconomic variable explains the least of the NPL variation. Third, from all macroeconomic variables we observe, the shock of Bank Indonesia’s rate generally provides the largest response of most of the bank performance indicators; which supports the use of the Bank Indonesia’s rate as effective monetary instrument.

This paper measures the efficiency of the banks using the intermediation approach and the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) on quarterly data of 108 conventional banks in Indonesia during the period of 2012Q1 to 2014Q4. The results shows that the Indonesian banking industry is inefficient in its intermediation function, which is in line with their financial indicators namely the total increasing asset, stable ROA of around 2-3%, and their Operating to Income Cost ratio of about 66-83%. Furthermore, we apply data panel estimation to estimate the determinant of this efficiency; the result shows the bank’s type, the Non Performing Loan (NPL), the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), the size of the bank, the Cost Efficiency Ratio (CER), and the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR); significantly affect the bank’s efficiency in Indonesia.

This study aims to investigate determinants of agency costs on agro-industrial firms that are listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX). Modeling of agency costs is analyzed by performing regression analysis of panel data. This study employs secondary data of 54 companies from year 2010 to 2013. The results show that agency costs are affected by the effectiveness of good governance mechanism, especially the function of board of directors (BOD) and board of commissioners (BOC) in conducting their duties, dividend payout and leverage. Whereas, independent commissioners and auditor committee are not significant factors in mitigating agency costs. Ownership concentration affects agency costs in vary. The results can help management, investors and other decision makers to implement better governance practices in agro-industrial firms in Indonesia.