O ácaro Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) é considerado uma das principais pragas apícolas mundiais. O risco de contaminação da cera e do mel, assim como o desenvolvimento de resistência desta praga, têm levado à busca por alternativas de controle que substituam os acaricidas convencionais. O presente trabalho objetivou determinar os efeitos de diferentes óleos essenciais na mortalidade de abelhas Apis mellifera e do ácaro Varroa destructor, parasita destes insetos. A metodologia consistiu em manter separadamente grupos formados por abelhas e ácaros, em gaiolas com óleos essenciais nas concentrações de 10 µL, 50 µL e 200 µL, sendo cada concentração um ensaio. Foram realizados tratamentos com água, anis, alecrim, canela, eucalipto, cravo e menta. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. As abelhas e ácaros foram observados por seis horas, para a quantificação da mortalidade, em função dos tratamentos utilizados. Os óleos essenciais não afetaram as abelhas de forma significativa, contudo, os óleos de anis, canela, eucalipto e cravo causaram mortalidade significativa dos ácaros. Para a concentração de 10 µL, observou-se taxa de mortalidade de 70% para anis e canela, 77,5% para eucalipto e 75% para cravo. Na concentração de 50 µL, foram observados valores de 75% para cravo e canela, 90% para anis e 92,5% para eucalipto. Já na concentração de 200 µL, os valores de mortalidade foram de 92,5% para anis e eucalipto, 52,5% para canela e 87,5% para cravo. Com base na taxa de mortalidade observada, sugere-se que estas substâncias sejam usadas em substituição aos acaricidas convencionais.
In recent years, there have been reductions in the efficacy of the fungicidal control of Phakopsora pachyrhizi, thereby hindering the management of soybean rust and compromising crop yield. This study evaluated the effects of incorporating hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in commercial fungicide formulations on the control of soybean rust. We conducted two experiments, one of which was performed in a greenhouse environment and the other under field conditions. In both environments, we examined the following four control programs using commercial fungicide formulations: (I) azoxystrobin + cyproconazole (quinone outside inhibitor [QoI] + demethylation inhibitor [DMI]); (II) picoxystrobin + cyproconazole (QoI + DMI); (III) pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole + fluxapyroxad (QoI + DMI + succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor); and (IV) water (H2O) (program without fungicide application), combined with the incorporation of (i) H2O2; (ii) mancozeb (positive control I); (iii) chlorothalonil (positive control II); or (iv) water (H2O) alone. Analyses of infected leaf area and grain yield revealed that the addition of H2O2 to the formulations of DMI and QoI fungicides led to a reduction in disease severity of between 33% and 44% relative to the effects of these products used alone, as well as an increase in yield and SPAD values. The use of H2O2 and multi-site fungicides alone failed to provide effective control of soybean rust. In addition to enhancing the efficacy of disease control, the use of H2O2 associated with commercial fungicide mixtures was shown to be a potential tool for the management of fungicide resistance and reduction in losses from Asian soybean rust.
Aimed of this work was to evaluate rehydrated corn and sorghum grains silages, with and without α-AMYLASE, on fermentation profile, nutritional value, digestion and metabolism on diets for sheep. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment 28 silos were divided into: 1- RSGS (rehydrated sorghum grain silage); 2- RSGS+A (rehydrated sorghum grain silage + amylase,); 3- RCGS (rehydrated corn grain silage); 4 RCGS+A (rehydrated corn kernel silage + amylase). In experiment II, 12 lambs were distributed in: RSGS; RSGS+A; RCGS; RCGS+A. In experiment I, there was an effect of grain x enzyme interaction for GL MN. The enzyme reduced the NFC content. In experiment II intake of DM kg/day was not affected by the starch content in the diet, with an average of 1.2 kg/day meaning that the type of grain and the enzyme had no influence on the intake of animals. There was an interaction for the intake of starch (kg/day), blood urea and N-NH 3. Lambs fed with RCGS+A had a higher concentration of ruminal ammonia. The use of enzymes improved the fermentation profile of the silages. RSGS can replace RCGS in sheep feed without modifying nutrient intake and digestibility.
Aimed of this work was to evaluate rehydrated corn and sorghum grains silages, with and without α-AMYLASE, on fermentation profile, nutritional value, digestion and metabolism on diets for sheep. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment 28 silos were divided into: 1- RSGS (rehydrated sorghum grain silage); 2- RSGS+A (rehydrated sorghum grain silage + amylase,); 3- RCGS (rehydrated corn grain silage); 4 RCGS+A (rehydrated corn kernel silage + amylase). In experiment II, 12 lambs were distributed in: RSGS; RSGS+A; RCGS; RCGS+A. In experiment I, there was an effect of grain x enzyme interaction for GL MN. The enzyme reduced the NFC content. In experiment II intake of DM kg/day was not affected by the starch content in the diet, with an average of 1.2 kg/day meaning that the type of grain and the enzyme had no influence on the intake of animals. There was an interaction for the intake of starch (kg/day), blood urea and N-NH 3. Lambs fed with RCGS+A had a higher concentration of ruminal ammonia. The use of enzymes improved the fermentation profile of the silages. RSGS can replace RCGS in sheep feed without modifying nutrient intake and digestibility.
This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of raw milk produced by small producers in the Itamarati Settlement. The samples were collected in 10 different rural properties 3 times a week, during the month of July 2021, by students and teachers of the Faculty of Agrarian Sciences and placed in 1000 ml polyethylene pots and identified with numbering from 1 to 10 and transported under refrigeration in isothermal boxes containing ice sheets until the Food Technology Laboratory -TPA, of the Federal University of Grande Dourados (FUGD), to carry out the physicochemical analyzes such as alizarol stability, titratable acidity, relative density and cryoscopic index, fat, protein, defatted dry extract and defatted dry extract. After the analyzes were carried out, a visit was made to the Itamarati Settlement, with the producers, respecting all safety measures due to Covid-19, where the results were found in relation to the physical and chemical quality of the collected samples were presented and, afterward, they were discussed. if how this can influence the quality of milk and consequently the income of producers. Through the physical-chemical analysis, it was possible to identify that 90% of the analyzed samples were in accordance with the norms of IN 62, for all analyzed variables. Monitoring the quality of the producers' milk is of paramount importance because in many rural properties milk is the main source of income in some of them, it is even the only source of income for producers and their families.
Objetivou-se avaliar alternativas para o controle das plantas daninhas na cultura do rabanete pela mensuração de suas características agronômicas em condições semiáridas. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com oito tratamentos correspondentes as formas de controle de plantas daninhas, a saber: filme plástico com cor branca; filme plástico com cor preta; capim de burro, Cynodon dactylon; folhas de nim, Azadirachta indica A. Juss; capim de burro–incorporado ao solo; nim–incorporado ao solo; solarização e testemunha. As maiores ocorrências de plantas daninhas foram das espécies Capim navalha (Hypolytrum pungens), Azevém (Lolium perene), Bredo fino (Trianthema portulacastrum L.) e Amaranthus spp. Os tratamentos Capim-de-burro incorporado (CBI) e nim incorporado ao solo (NIS) foram os mais eficientes no controle de plantas daninhas e também proporcionaram maiores massas da parte aérea e raiz do rabanete.
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