RESUMO:O objetivo deste estudo foi o levantamento etnobotânico de plantas medicinais utilizadas pela população do povoado de Manejo, Lima Duarte (MG). O estudo foi realizado mediante visitas às casas dos moradores que responderam a questionário relacionado às espécies de plantas que são cultivadas, respectivas partes utilizadas, bem como as formas de preparo e quais doenças são tratadas com as plantas. Foram realizadas 41 visitas resultando em citações de 100 diferentes espécies medicinais, sendo a maioria cultivada nos quintais e outras nativas da região, as quais também são utilizadas pelos moradores. Exemplares foram coletados e depositados no herbário CESJ, da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. As espécies mais citadas foram Mentha sp., Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Brown, Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC., Bidens pilosa L., Mentha pulegium L., Mikania glomerata Spreng., Rosa sp. e Plantago major L. As doenças mais tratadas com as plantas medicinais em Manejo são gripes e resfriados, problemas estomacais, cólicas menstruais e infecções no útero, verminose, problemas renais, ansiedade e estresse. As partes mais utilizadas são as folhas, e a forma de preparo mais comum das plantas são os chás por infusão. A construção de horta comunitária no povoado pode valorizar o emprego das plantas medicinais, sobretudo pelos mais jovens, mantendo a tradição do uso pelas futuras gerações. Palavras-chave: etnobotânica, plantas medicinais, Zona da Mata de Minas GeraisABSTRACT: Ethnobotanical survey of the medicinal plants used by dwellers of Manejo Village, Lima Duarte-Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The aim of this study was the ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by the population of Manejo Village, Lima Duarte (Minas Gerais State), Brazil. The study was performed by means of visitations to the houses of dwellers who answered a questionnaire related to the plant species that are cultivated, respective parts that are used, as well as preparation forms and which diseases are treated with the plants. A total of 41 visitations were done, resulting in citation of 100 different medicinal species, most of which were cultivated in backyards while others were native to that region, which were also used by the dwellers. Specimens were collected and deposited in CESJ herbarium, of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora. The most cited species were Mentha sp., Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Brown, Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC., Bidens pilosa L., Mentha pulegium L., Mikania glomerata Spreng., Rosa sp. and Plantago major L. The diseases most treated with medicinal plants in Manejo Village are flu and cold, stomach disorders, menstrual cramps and uterus infections, helminth infections, kidney problems, anxiety and stress. The most used parts are leaves, and the most common form of plant preparation is infusion tea. The construction of a community garden in the village may value the use of medicinal plants, especially by the young, maintaining the tradition of their use by futur...

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The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effects of inoculants on chemical composition, dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (aNDF) in vitro degradation, fermentative and effluent losses, microbiology, fermentative profile, and aerobic stability of sugarcane mini-silos. Treatments were randomly distributed to the mini-silos, in which: (1) Control (CON); (2) Lactobacillus buchneri (Lb), addition of Lb at 2.6 × 10 10 cfu/g; (3) Lactobacillus buchneri and Bacillus subtilis (Lb + Bs), addition of Lb at 2.6 × 10 10 cfu/g and Bs at 1 × 10 9 cfu/g; and (4) Chitosan (CHI), addition of 1% of CHI on wet basis of sugarcane ensiled. Treatments 2 and 3 were incorporated to the silage at 2 g/t of natural matter ensiled. Lb and Lb + Bs did not alter the in vitro degradation of DM and NDF. Chitosan incorporation increased the DM content (P = 0.013, 18.7 g/kg DM) and improved (P = 0.029, 45.6 g/kg DM) the NDF in vitro degradation of sugarcane silage. In addition, CHI incorporation showed higher (P = 0.002) DM content in silage than Lb and Lb + Bs. Microbial inoculants (Lb and Lb + Bs) reduced the total losses (P = 0.009) of sugarcane silage. Moreover, CHI incorporation showed lower (P = 0.001, 84.9 g/kg DM) total losses and higher (P = 0.031, 84.8 g/kg DM) dry matter recovery than Lb and Lb + Bs. Lactic acid bacteria concentration was increased (P = 0.001) with additives, and CHI incorporation showed higher (P = 0.001) lactic acid bacteria concentration than silages treated Lb and Lb + Bs. All additives decreased the ethanol concentration in sugarcane silage, but CHI showed lower (P = 0.002) ethanol concentration compared to Lb and Lb + Bs. Inoculants improved the aerobic stability of sugarcane silage. In general, the incorporation of CHI to sugarcane silage showed better results of NDF in vitro degradation and gas and effluent losses than Lb and Lb + Bs. Moreover,

-This study was undertaken to determine the effects of chitosan and whole raw soybean on nutrient intake and total tract digestion, nitrogen utilization, microbial protein synthesis, blood metabolites, and energy balance of dairy heifers. Twelve Jersey heifers (6±0.5 months of age and 139.50±25.56 kg of live weight; mean ± standard deviation) were randomly assigned to a replicated Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The experimental period consisted of 14 days of adaptation to diets, six days of sampling, and five days of washout. The experimental diets were: control (CO); chitosan (CHI, inclusion of 2.0 g kg −1 DM of chitosan); whole raw soybean (WS, 163.0 g kg −1 of WS on diet DM basis); and chitosan + whole raw soybean (CHI+WS). Chitosan decreased dry matter and neutral detergent fiber intakes; however, CHI increased DM total tract digestion. An interaction effect was observed on retained nitrogen, which increased when animals were fed CHI+WS compared with CO or CHI, but did not differ from that of animals fed WS. Chitosan decreased microbial nitrogen and crude protein flow of heifers. Energy balance was improved when heifers received diets containing WS. Efficiency of energy utilization was not affected by experimental diets. An interaction effect was observed for blood high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration, which increased with both dietary inclusion of CHI and WS compared with the other diets, and CHI provided the lowest value of HDL cholesterol. Chitosan and whole raw soybean do not alter nutrient intake and total tract digestion; however, they decrease nitrogen urinary excretion and increase blood HDL cholesterol of heifers.

RESUMO. Avaliou-se a degradabilidade ruminal in situ, em ovinos dos grãos e coprodutos de girassol, soja e crambe, em três ovinos da raça Santa Inês com peso de 40 kg, fistulados e providos de cânulas ruminais, mantidos em baias individuais. Os alimentos foram incubados em ordem decrescente de 72, 48, 24, 18, 6, 3 e 0h. A fração potencialmente degradável da MS para a torta de girassol foi 73,7% e da PB 34,6%, o que proporcionou média degradação ruminal para PB. O grão de girassol apresentou baixa degradabilidade ruminal para a MS e PB (33,55 e 25,98%). A torta de soja apresentou fração solúvel de 23,15 e 7,79%, para a MS e PB, com uma degradabilidade efetiva de 75,6 e 70,89%, enquanto que o grão de soja apresentou baixa fração solúvel para MS e PB (4,79 e 8,73%), acarretando baixa degradabilidade ruminal. O grão de crambe e a torta de crambe apresentaram os maiores teores de FDA, e baixa degradabilidade ruminal, tanto para a MS como para a PB. Os valores para a fração potencialmente degradável e fração solúvel foram semelhantes. Os alimentos avaliados apresentaram média degradabilidade ruminal, exceto a torta de soja que apresentou maior valor de degradabilidade ruminal.Palavras-chave: composição química, matéria seca, proteína, sacos de náilon, tempo de colonização.ABSTRACT. In situ ruminal degradability of crambe, sunflower and soybean seeds and their by-products in sheep feeding. Ruminal degradability of crambe, sunflower and soybean grains and their by-products in sheep was evaluated by an "in situ" technique. Three 40 kg-Santa Ines fistulated sheep provided with ruminal cannula and kept in individual pens were analyzed. Feeds were incubated in the rumen in the following decreasing order 72, 48, 24, 18, 6, 3 and 0h. The potentially degradable fraction for DM in sunflower meal amounted to 73.7%, whereas it reached 34.6% in the case of CP, with medium ruminal degradation. Sunflower grain had low ruminal degradability for DM and CP (33.55 and 25.98%). Crushed soybean grain had soluble fraction of 23.15 and 7.79% respectively for DM and CP, with an effective degradability of 75.6 and 70.89%. Further, soybean whole grain presented low soluble fraction for DM and CP, respectively 4.79 and 8.73%, with low ruminal degradability. Crambe whole grain and crushed meal had the highest ADF rates, with low ruminal degradability for DM and CP. Rates for potentially degradable and soluble fraction were similar. Evaluated feeds had medium ruminal degradability, except for soybean crushed meal with the highest rate in ruminal degradability.

Beta-adrenérgico. Estresse. Gordura. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDSBeta adrenergic. Stress. Fat. RESUMOO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a inclusão de diferentes níveis de ractopamina em rações de suínos em fase de terminação, durante 21 dias pré-abate, sobre as características de desempenho, carcaça, qualidade de carne e sobre parâmetros fisiológicos e sanguíneos indicadores de bem-estar. Foram utilizados 36 suínos comerciais, 18 machos castrados e 18 fêmeas, com peso médio inicial de 87,0±5,02 kg, alimentados ad libitum com rações isonutrientes, com 0, 10 e 20 ppm de ractopamina. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, fatorial 3 x 2, com seis repetições para os parâmetros de desempenho e 12 repetições para os demais parâmetros. Houve efeito linear (p<0,05) positivo para o ganho de peso e para a conversão alimentar e efeito quadrático (ponto de mínima de 9,4 ppm de ractopamina) para o consumo de ração. Para os parâmetros de carcaça houve efeito quadrático para o rendimento de carcaça (com ponto de máxima para 9,5 ppm de ractopamina). O valor de a*(componente vermelho-verde), c*(índice de saturação) e marmoreio apresentaram efeito linear negativo. O diâmetro da fibra muscular do músculo L. dorsi e o ângulo de tonalidade (h*) apresentaram efeito linear positivo para os níveis de ractopamina. Outros parâmetros relacionados à qualidade da carne não foram influenciadas pelos tratamentos, resultando em carnes livres de PSE e DFD. A ractopamina pode ser utilizada nas rações de suínos até 20 ppm com efeitos positivos no desempenho e na carcaça, sem alterações no comportamento dos animais e comprometimentos na qualidade da carne. SUMMARYThe goal of this work was to evaluate the inclusion of different levels of ractopamine to finishing rations for swine, during 21 days before the slaughter, on the performance, carcass and meat quality parameters and on physiologic and serum characteristics related with behavior. Thirty six pigs (Large White x Landrace), 18 barrows and 18 females, weighting 87.0±5.02 kg, fed ad libitum with isonutrient rations, with 0, 10 and 20 ppm of ractopamine, were used. The experimental design was randomized blocks, factorial 3 x 2 (3 levels of ractopamine and 2 genders), with 6 repetitions for the performance parameters and 12 repetitions for the other characteristics. There were a positive linear effect (p<0.05) to the weigh gain and to the feed conversion rate and a quadratic effect to the feed consumption (been the minimal

Chitosan is a biopolymer derived from chitin deacetylation, present in the exoskeleton of crustaceans and insects. Chitosan has been evaluated as rumen modulator and silage additive due to its antimicrobial properties. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of both chitosan and a bacterial additive on microbiological quality, chemical composition, nutrient in vitro degradation, fermentative profile, and total losses of whole-soybean plant silage (SS) harvested at R6 stage. Four treatments in a factorial arrangement were randomly assigned to 40 experimental minisilos as no additives (CON), 8 g/t fresh forage of microbial inoculant (INO; Kera SIL, Kera Nutrição Animal, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil); 5 g/kg of fresh forage chitosan (CHI); and CHI + INO. Microbial inoculant was composed of Lactobacillus plantarum (4.0 × 10 cfu/g) and Propionibacterium acidipropionici (2.6 × 10 cfu/g). The CHI and INO alone increased counts of lactic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria and decreased counts of mold and yeast in SS. The CHI or INO alone increased in vitro degradation of dry matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber, and decreased nonfiber carbohydrate content of SS. Chitosan increased NH-N and lactate concentrations and decreased ethanol concentration in SS. The CHI increased dry matter recovery from SS; INO increased silage aerobic stability. The combination of CHI+INO showed the lowest value of gas losses. In general, the combination of CHI and INO had small positive effects on gas losses of SS; however, both CHI or INO alone improved nutrient in vitro degradation and decreased mold and yeast in SS. Chitosan or INO utilization improves SS quality.

Intercropping with cool season species has been used as an alternative to increase productivity off-season (fall/winter) of irrigated pastures. This study was conducted from May to October 2009 in Icaraíma, Paraná State, to evaluate the productivity and morphological composition of the Tifton 85 grass overseeded with winter forage in irrigated system. The experiment was a randomized block design with four replicates and repeated measures over time. The experimental plots consisted of five treatments, three as oats overseeding using the genotypes IAPAR 61, IPR 126, and FMS2 on Tifton 85 pasture and one as overseeding of oats combined with rye (IPR 126 + IPR 89) also on Tifton 85 grass and, finally, a control with only Tifton 85 without overseeding. The overseeding of IPR 126 oats achieved the highest cumulative productivity, 4102 kg DM ha-1 , with leaf/stem ratio higher than that of exclusive Tifton 85 exclusive, 1.77 and 1.08, respectively. However, overseeding of winter forages did not increase the overall productivity of the pasture.