RESUMO. Avaliou-se a degradabilidade ruminal in situ, em ovinos dos grãos e coprodutos de girassol, soja e crambe, em três ovinos da raça Santa Inês com peso de 40 kg, fistulados e providos de cânulas ruminais, mantidos em baias individuais. Os alimentos foram incubados em ordem decrescente de 72, 48, 24, 18, 6, 3 e 0h. A fração potencialmente degradável da MS para a torta de girassol foi 73,7% e da PB 34,6%, o que proporcionou média degradação ruminal para PB. O grão de girassol apresentou baixa degradabilidade ruminal para a MS e PB (33,55 e 25,98%). A torta de soja apresentou fração solúvel de 23,15 e 7,79%, para a MS e PB, com uma degradabilidade efetiva de 75,6 e 70,89%, enquanto que o grão de soja apresentou baixa fração solúvel para MS e PB (4,79 e 8,73%), acarretando baixa degradabilidade ruminal. O grão de crambe e a torta de crambe apresentaram os maiores teores de FDA, e baixa degradabilidade ruminal, tanto para a MS como para a PB. Os valores para a fração potencialmente degradável e fração solúvel foram semelhantes. Os alimentos avaliados apresentaram média degradabilidade ruminal, exceto a torta de soja que apresentou maior valor de degradabilidade ruminal.Palavras-chave: composição química, matéria seca, proteína, sacos de náilon, tempo de colonização.ABSTRACT. In situ ruminal degradability of crambe, sunflower and soybean seeds and their by-products in sheep feeding. Ruminal degradability of crambe, sunflower and soybean grains and their by-products in sheep was evaluated by an "in situ" technique. Three 40 kg-Santa Ines fistulated sheep provided with ruminal cannula and kept in individual pens were analyzed. Feeds were incubated in the rumen in the following decreasing order 72, 48, 24, 18, 6, 3 and 0h. The potentially degradable fraction for DM in sunflower meal amounted to 73.7%, whereas it reached 34.6% in the case of CP, with medium ruminal degradation. Sunflower grain had low ruminal degradability for DM and CP (33.55 and 25.98%). Crushed soybean grain had soluble fraction of 23.15 and 7.79% respectively for DM and CP, with an effective degradability of 75.6 and 70.89%. Further, soybean whole grain presented low soluble fraction for DM and CP, respectively 4.79 and 8.73%, with low ruminal degradability. Crambe whole grain and crushed meal had the highest ADF rates, with low ruminal degradability for DM and CP. Rates for potentially degradable and soluble fraction were similar. Evaluated feeds had medium ruminal degradability, except for soybean crushed meal with the highest rate in ruminal degradability.

To evaluate the substitution of soybean meal by crushed crambe as a source of protein, five crossbred steers rumen cannulated weighting 426 ± 25 kg BW were distributed in a 5 Â 5 Latin square design. The steers were allocated in different levels of crushed crambe groups (0, 25, 50, 100 and 150 g/kg in concentrate supplement). Dry matter intake (DMI), rumen fluid pH, nitrogen (N) urinary excretion, propionate and isovalerate ruminal concentrations increased linearly (p < .05) with the replacement of soybean meal by crushed crambe. Crude protein (CP) intake, butyrate and valerate concentrations, and N retention and balance (g/d) showed linear decreases by the inclusion of crushed crambe. There was a quadratic decrease (p < .05) for neutral detergent fibre (NDF) intake and valerate concentration. Total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) increased quadratically (p < .05) with the inclusion of crushed crambe. The supplement and total DMI, digestibility of DM, CP and NDF, N-NH 3 , acetate, isobutyrate concentrations and intake, excretion faecal and total of N, microbial protein synthesis, urinary excretion and blood concentration of urea and creatinine were not affected (p > .05) by the crushed crambe inclusion in the diet. It is recommended that 100 g/kg of the crushed crambe inclusion replacing soybean meal supplements to grazing steers because improved supplement DMI and total SCFAs, reducing ruminal fermentation and nitrogen excretion, without affecting digestibility and microbial protein synthesis. HIGHLIGHTS DM intake and digestibility were not affected in steers fed crushed crambe. Urinary N excretion increased with crushed crambe replacing soybean meal.

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Thirty-six experimental silos arranged in a completely randomized 4 x 3 factorial design were provided to evaluate the chemical changes of sunflower silage treated with soybean hulls, sunflower crushed and urea at 14, 21 and 28 days of ensilage. The additives were based on 5% natural matter, whereas control consisted of silage with 100% sunflower plant. OM, NDIP, and MM had average rates 911.2; 86.6 and 92.9 g kg-1 of dry matter respectively. The addition of soybean hulls and sunflower crushed increased DM rates after 28 and 21 days. Urea increased nitrogen fractions and the addition of soybean hulls increased total carbohydrate content of silage by 5.1%, whereas the addition of sunflower crushed decreased the same by 2.18%. NDF, ADF and hemicellulose average rates were 625.4, 460.3 and 165.2 g kg-1 of DM. The addition of soybean hulls and sunflower crushed reduced the in vitro dry matter digestibility by 8.3 and 5.97%. The addition of 5% sunflower crushed and soybean hulls improved the nutritional value of sunflower silage and the addition of urea improved the protein rates.

in situ e tempo de colonização de suplementos concentrados com diferentes níveis de inclusão de torta de crambe. Foram avaliados cinco níveis de inclusão de torta de crambe (0%, 2,5%, 5,0%, 10% e 15%) aos suplementos concentrados em substituição ao farelo de soja. A composição química e digestibilidade dos nutrientes foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e três repetições, e os dados submetidos a teste de regressão. As curvas de degradação dos nutrientes foram obtidas por procedimento regressão não linear. Os teores de proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo, nutrientes digestíveis totais, carboidratos totais, matéria mineral e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (MS) não foram influenciados pela inclusão de torta de crambe ao suplemento concentrado. Os teores da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e hemicelulose apresentaram comportamento linear decrescente o teor de carboidratos não estruturais apresentou comportamento linear crescente com inclusão da torta de crambe ao suplemento concentrado em substituição ao farelo de soja. A inclusão da torta de crambe ao suplemento concentrado não alterou a degradabilidade efetiva da MS, PB e FDN, que apresentaram valores médios de 51,56%, 61,21% e 39,21%, respectivamente, para a taxa de 5%/h. No entanto, a inclusão de 15% de torta de crambe ao suplemento concentrado apresentou maior degradação potencial da PB e da FDN ao longo dos tempos de incubação ruminal. A inclusão de até 15% da torta de crambe em substituição ao farelo de soja em suplemento concentrado para bovinos altera a composição química, mas não influencia a digestibilidade da matéria seca e a degradabilidade dos nutrientes, tornando uma alternativa viável à nutrição animal.Palavras chave: bovinos, composição química, coproduto, digestibilidade, Crambe abyssinica Hochst. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, RUMINAL DEGRADABILITY AND COLONIZATION TIME OF CRAMBE MEAL CONCENTRATE SUPPLEMENTSABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, in situ degradability and colonization time of concentrate supplements containing different inclusion levels of crambe meal. Five inclusion levels of crambe meal (0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 10%, and 15%) replacing soybean meal in the concentrate supplements were evaluated. The chemical composition and nutrient digestibility were analyzed in a completely randomized design consisting of five treatments and three repetitions using regression analysis. A nonlinear regression procedure was used for construction of the nutrient degradation curves. Crude protein (CP) content, ether extract content, total digestible nutrients, total carbohydrates, mineral matter or in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility was not influenced by the inclusion of crambe meal in the concentrate supplement. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and hemicellulose content exhibited a decreasing linear trend and non-structural carbohydrate content showed an increasing linear