Crushed crambe from biodiesel production as replacement for soybean meal in the supplement of steers grazing

Abstract

To evaluate the substitution of soybean meal by crushed crambe as a source of protein, five crossbred steers rumen cannulated weighting 426 ± 25 kg BW were distributed in a 5 Â 5 Latin square design. The steers were allocated in different levels of crushed crambe groups (0, 25, 50, 100 and 150 g/kg in concentrate supplement). Dry matter intake (DMI), rumen fluid pH, nitrogen (N) urinary excretion, propionate and isovalerate ruminal concentrations increased linearly (p < .05) with the replacement of soybean meal by crushed crambe. Crude protein (CP) intake, butyrate and valerate concentrations, and N retention and balance (g/d) showed linear decreases by the inclusion of crushed crambe. There was a quadratic decrease (p < .05) for neutral detergent fibre (NDF) intake and valerate concentration. Total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) increased quadratically (p < .05) with the inclusion of crushed crambe. The supplement and total DMI, digestibility of DM, CP and NDF, N-NH 3 , acetate, isobutyrate concentrations and intake, excretion faecal and total of N, microbial protein synthesis, urinary excretion and blood concentration of urea and creatinine were not affected (p > .05) by the crushed crambe inclusion in the diet. It is recommended that 100 g/kg of the crushed crambe inclusion replacing soybean meal supplements to grazing steers because improved supplement DMI and total SCFAs, reducing ruminal fermentation and nitrogen excretion, without affecting digestibility and microbial protein synthesis. HIGHLIGHTS DM intake and digestibility were not affected in steers fed crushed crambe. Urinary N excretion increased with crushed crambe replacing soybean meal.

Biotechnological approach for improvement of Crambe species as valuable oilseed plants for industrial purposes

“…7,24 The waste after seed oil extraction can potentially be used for animal feed as a protein supplement due to the high content of crude protein (up to 45%). 31,36–45…”

“…Crambe plants are great for ruminant animal and fish feed as seed meal contains 45–58% of protein with well-balanced amino acid content (especially high levels of lysine and methionine). 36–45 It could be used as high value feedstock protein, and the aerial part is excellent for hay due to a high biomass yield containing up to 50% of crude protein. 13,55,56…”

“…7,24 The waste aer seed oil extraction can potentially be used for animal feed as a protein supplement due to the high content of crude protein (up to 45%). 31,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] 3. The use of underestimated wild Crambe species…”

“…54 Crambe plants are great for ruminant animal and sh feed as seed meal contains 45-58% of protein with well-balanced amino acid content (especially high levels of lysine and methionine). [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] It could be used as high value feedstock protein, and the aerial part is excellent for hay due to a high biomass yield containing up to 50% of crude protein. 13,55,56 Despite application in food and feed, green mass as well as seed meal of some Crambe species contain glucosinolates that are considered toxic for animal and human health.…”

Total replacement of the soybean by crambe and canola grains in the feeding of finishing sheep

“…In the literature, we found several studies looking for changes in the diet of ruminants and thus improving the quality of meat. However, most research using crambe and canola aimed to improve the fatty acid composition of meat, among other forms of processing, supply and evaluated parameters (Goes et al, 2019;Nguyen et al, 2018;Goes et al, 2018;Asadollahi et al, 2017;Santos et al, 2009) however, little is known about the effect of these foods on meat quality, instrumental characteristics of chemical composition and sensory parameters of sheep. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the total substitution of soy by canola and crambe grains in the diet of confined lambs, evaluating the quality of the meat, instrumental characteristics of the chemical composition (moisture, ash, proteins and lipids) (pH, water retention capacity, loss of cooking, resistance to shear and color) and sensory parameters of sheep fed potential soy substitutes.…”