Background To study the peculiarities of changes in creatinine concentration in blood serum of untrained men during the prolonged usage of training loads different in volume and intensity, and to determine the value of this biochemical marker for the assessment of adaptive body changes during fitness training. Methods We examined 50 untrained men aged 18–20 years who had no contraindications for practicing fitness. Taking into account the aim of the research, we divided these people into two groups: group A and group B. The research participants used training load regimes different in volume and intensity: representatives of group Aused low intensity training load regime (Ra = 0.53) and representatives of group B used high intensity training load regime (Ra = 0.72). To assess the adaptive body changes in the examined contingent, we used the anthropometry method (circumference body size) and bioimpedansometry (body composition indicators). We also determined the features of adaptation-compensatory body reactions to different training loads by means of biochemical control of creatinine concentration in blood serum. Results The obtained results showed a significant increase in basal level of creatinine concentration in blood serum (by 17.6%) of group B representatives fixed after 3 months of practicing fitness in high intensity training load regime (Ra = 0.72). This group representative also revealed the most pronounced manifestation of adaptive body changes confirmed by the results of the maximal muscle strength growth (1RM) and circumference body size, which was almost 2.5 times higher than the results of group A representatives for the same period of time. The parameters indicating the load volume in a set (Wn) were almost 62.0 % higher in group A representatives in comparison with group B during all stages of control. Nonetheless, the highest creatinine concentration in blood serum (by 11.1 % (p < 0.05) was fixed in group A representatives in response to training load after 3 months of practicing. This fact testifies to the important role of the creatine phosphokinase mechanism of energy supply of muscular activity in the conditions of high volume and low intensity training load regime (Ra = 0.53). Conclusion The analysis of the results obtained during a series of experimental studies indicates the need and feasibility of using the indicator of basal level of creatinine concentration in blood during fitness training, especially in the conditions of high intensity and low volume training load regime (Ra = 0.72), as an informative marker for assessing the process of long-term adaptation.

Background and Study Aim. Physical activity (PA) is regarded as a critical component of a healthy lifestyle and disease prevention. Different constraints placed upon social interaction and public spaces due to COVID-19 could decrease PA and academic performance in physical education (PE) in student population. The purpose of the research was to assess overall and sport/fitness PA level and academic performance in PE in a sample of university students pre- to post-cancellation of face-to-face PE classes due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods. Participants (n=209) – university students (19-20 years old). The overall period of the research is September-December 2020. All participants (male–n=106 and female–n=103) were divided into approximately equal groups: humanities students (male–MG-1, female–FG-1), medicine students (male–MG-2, female–FG-2), technical students (male–MG-3, female–FG-3). The main research tools: modified student self-reported questionnaire (on the base of IPAQ), academic grading (scores for self-completed PE tasks). In surveys, all participants self-rated overall and sport/fitness PA level pre- to post-cancellation of face-to-face PE classes. The participants had to complete 32 special PE tasks, during the research period. PE teachers rated participants by a special grading scale. Results. For the male and female students’ groups there were no significant differences of overall PA, sport/fitness PA level and academic performance in PE pre-cancellation of face-to-face PE classes. All participants significantly (p≤0.05) decreased overall PA, sport/fitness PA level and academic performance in PE post-cancellation. There was a significant (p≤0.05) large amount of overall PA level in MG-2 students and sport/fitness PA level in MG-1 students’ post-cancellation of face-to-face PE classes. For the male students there were no significant differences of grading in PE pre- to post-cancellation of face-to-face PE classes between participants groups. There was a significant (p≤0.05) large amount of overall PA level post-cancellation of face-to-face PE classes in FG-2 students. There was a significantly (p≤0.05) lower amount of sport/fitness PA level post-cancellation of face-to-face PE classes in FG-3 students. There was a significant drop in mean grading scores in PE post-cancellation of face-to-face PE classes in students. FG-2 participants had significantly (p≤0.05) higher grading scores in PE post-cancellation of face-to-face PE classes. Conclusions. The universities closure and cancellation of face-to-face PE classes due to the COVID-19 pandemic decreased overall PA, sport/fitness PA level and academic performance in PE in all participants. It is important to note that the proportional decrease in overall PA for the male students was actually large, then decrease in overall PA for the female students was less. The findings highlight the need for active interventions of PA promotion targeted at the student population in the context of self-isolation measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background To study the peculiarities of changes in functional indicators and body composition parameters of mixed martial arts (MMA) athletes of strike fighting style and a number of biochemical blood indicators during two months of using different intensity training load regimes, and to determine the most informative criteria for assessing adaptive body changes in these training conditions. Methods We examined 40 MMA athletes (men) aged 20–22, who used mainly strike fighting style in their competitive activity, and divided them into 2 research groups (A and B), 20 athletes in each group. Group A athletes used medium intensity (Ra = 0.64), and group B—high intensity (Ra = 0.72) training load regime. To assess the adaptive body changes we applied methods of control testing of maximum muscle strength growth (1 RM), special training (the number of accurate kicks on the mannequin for 30 s), and bioimpedansometry. By monitoring biochemical parameters (testosterone, cortisol, creatinine, phosphorus, calcium, cholesterol, LDH) in the blood serum of athletes, we determined the peculiarities of adaptive-compensatory body reactions in response to training loads. Results The obtained results of special training increased during the study period by an average of 10.5% in group B athletes, but group A participants’ results had no significant changes compared to basal data. The largest increase in the development of maximum muscle strength growth by an average of 44.4% was recorded after 2 months of research in group B. Group B athletes also had positive changes in body fat and fat-free mass indicators during the study which were two times higher than the results of group A. The laboratory studies and correlation analysis showed informative biochemical markers (cortisol, testosterone and creatinine) for assessing the condition of athletes in both groups before using high and medium training load regimes. The biochemical markers for assessing the adaptive-compensatory reactions of athletes in response to high-intensity physical stimuli at the beginning of the study were indicators of LDH and cholesterol, and in conditions of medium intensity it was LDH, testosterone and cortisol. After 2 months of study the set of biochemical markers assessing the adaptation processes before the load completely changed only in group B athletes and consisted of LDH, phosphorus, cholesterol, and calcium. At the same time, the set of biochemical criteria for assessing adaptive-compensatory reactions after training in group B athletes was completely changed compared with the data recorded at the beginning of the study. Conclusion Defining the optimal set of criteria for assessing the adaptive-compensatory changes in MMA athletes of strike fighting style will allow in the shortest possible time to correct the parameters of the training load regime for accelerating the body functionality in the process of special power training.

Purpose:the systematization of modern strategies for regulating the motor activity of preschool and school-age children. The criteria for assessing motor activity taking into account the individual characteristics of children and sociocultural conditions are considered. The adaptive strategy of regulation of the motor activity of a growing person in modern educational space is substantiated. Material:10 theses and more than 80 papers published in specialized journals of Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus were analyzed. In the article is used quantitative approach, which has research and descriptive character. This approach includes methods for examining documents. The identification of studies over the past 50 years has been carried out. The analysis of normative program-methodological materials, educational standards, exemplary educational programs and the results of their own research was carried out. These studies substantiated various approaches to regulating and forming positive dynamics of motor activity in preschool and school-age children. Results:Three strategies for regulating motor activity were identified: biological, value-social and biosocial (adaptive). Their compliance with the level of scientific and methodological knowledge and domestic experience is established. The limiting factors have been established and ways of transforming the system of physical education at different levels of education have been concretized. The modern adaptive strategy of regulation of the motor activity of preschool children and younger schoolchildren is substantiated. The expediency of its introduction into the educational process is shown. This creates a favorable environment for the physical development of children. Conclusions:The adaptive system for regulating motor activity should take into account: the interests and opportunities of children at all levels of the educational system; regional sports traditions; sociocultural and climatic conditions. It is extremely important to recreate the playing space of childhood. This contributes to the formation of an active position in relation to the physical culture of the individual.

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Purpose:to find the place of physical exercises' mastering level in structure of 11-13 yrs age boys' motor fitness. Material:in the research 11 yrs age boys (n=58), 12 (n=76) and 13 years age (n=93) participated. Testing program included well-known tests: "Forward roll", "Backward roll", "Vault", "Climbing rope (three attempts)", "Bridge", "Stance on shoulder blades". Results:By indicators of physical condition 11-13 yrs age boys statistically confidently differ one from another (р<0,001). Level of mastering of gymnastic exercises "Backward roll", "Vault", "Climbing rope (three attempts)", "Bridge", "Stance on shoulder blades" with age statistically confidently increases (р<0,001). Conclusions:In factorial structure of motor fitness, level of physical exercises' mastering has weight 17,5% (11 yrs age), 36,6% (12 years), 28,5% (13 years). Analysis of communities showed that in 11-13 yrs age boys training of motor abilities is effective (if they become a component of mastered motor skills).

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The purpose of this study was a comparative analysis of the physical development of armwrestlers with different levels of sports mastery applying the index method. Participants: 37 athletes were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (n = 17, age -18.94 ± 0.57 years), qualificationfrom beginners to 1 rank athletes. Group 2 (n = 20) age -25.60 ± 1.10 years), qualification -from the candidate for the master of sports to the international master of sport.19 anthropometric indices were applied for the analysis. Results: average results dominated by body mass index. The athletes with a shoulder width index below the norm prevailed in group 1. Erisman index for the majority of participants in group 2 complied with the standards. The athletes with a strong body build prevailed by Pignet index. The average Livi index is set in 40-47% of athletes. All athletes had a hypersthenic body build by Vervek index. Qualified athletes demonstrated the significant increase in body mass index, shoulder width, Erisman index, Livi index, Vervek index, body surface and relative body surface, limb segment mass and conditional moments of the force of limb segments strength. It was impossible to determine any significant differences between the groups by power and vital indices. Conclusions: It was confirmed the effectiveness of the physical development analysis of armwrestling athletes by indexes. Qualified athletes are characterized by high index values demonstrated muscle development. The mass indices and conditional moments of force of the limb segments strength demonstrate the predictors of success.