Creatinine is a biochemical marker for assessing how untrained people adapt to fitness training loads

Abstract

Background To study the peculiarities of changes in creatinine concentration in blood serum of untrained men during the prolonged usage of training loads different in volume and intensity, and to determine the value of this biochemical marker for the assessment of adaptive body changes during fitness training. Methods We examined 50 untrained men aged 18–20 years who had no contraindications for practicing fitness. Taking into account the aim of the research, we divided these people into two groups: group A and group B. The research participants used training load regimes different in volume and intensity: representatives of group Aused low intensity training load regime (Ra = 0.53) and representatives of group B used high intensity training load regime (Ra = 0.72). To assess the adaptive body changes in the examined contingent, we used the anthropometry method (circumference body size) and bioimpedansometry (body composition indicators). We also determined the features of adaptation-compensatory body reactions to different training loads by means of biochemical control of creatinine concentration in blood serum. Results The obtained results showed a significant increase in basal level of creatinine concentration in blood serum (by 17.6%) of group B representatives fixed after 3 months of practicing fitness in high intensity training load regime (Ra = 0.72). This group representative also revealed the most pronounced manifestation of adaptive body changes confirmed by the results of the maximal muscle strength growth (1RM) and circumference body size, which was almost 2.5 times higher than the results of group A representatives for the same period of time. The parameters indicating the load volume in a set (Wn) were almost 62.0 % higher in group A representatives in comparison with group B during all stages of control. Nonetheless, the highest creatinine concentration in blood serum (by 11.1 % (p < 0.05) was fixed in group A representatives in response to training load after 3 months of practicing. This fact testifies to the important role of the creatine phosphokinase mechanism of energy supply of muscular activity in the conditions of high volume and low intensity training load regime (Ra = 0.53). Conclusion The analysis of the results obtained during a series of experimental studies indicates the need and feasibility of using the indicator of basal level of creatinine concentration in blood during fitness training, especially in the conditions of high intensity and low volume training load regime (Ra = 0.72), as an informative marker for assessing the process of long-term adaptation.

Criteria for assessing the adaptive changes in mixed martial arts (MMA) athletes of strike fighting style in different training load regimes

“…We discovered that the nature of changes in creatinine in the blood serum of both group participants before and after training load of different intensity during 2 months of research, confirmed the results of experimental studies in power fitness ( Titova et al, 2018 ; Chernozub et al, 2020 ). At the same time, the increase in basal creatinine level, which indicates growing resources for creatine phosphokinase response on the background of increasing fat-free mass and decreasing body fat, confirm the research results of a number of scientists ( Clarkson et al, 2006 ; Papassotiriou & Nifli, 2018 ; Stajer, Vranes & Ostojic, 2020 ).…”

“…In this study we obtained the results and the peculiarities of changes in the biochemical blood parameters during special training in MMA and determined the correlation between them, which allowed to establish a minimum set of criteria for assessing adaptation to different training load regimes. A similar direction of research concerning adaptive-compensatory body reactions to power loads of different intensity was conducted with the intention to optimize the training system of MMA athletes and in other sports ( James et al, 2016a ; James et al, 2016b ; Crewther, Obmiński & Cook, 2018 ; Chernozub et al, 2019 ; Chernozub et al, 2020 ).…”

“…In the first stage we determined the characteristics of adaptive-compensatory reactions in MMA athletes of strike fighting style who used different intensity of training load regimes ( Table 1 ), which were effective in power fitness ( e.g. , Chernozub et al, 2020 ), promoted accelerated growth of maximum muscle strength, and stimulated pronounced adaptive body changes. Thus, group A participants used medium intensity training load regime ( R a = 0.64), and group B athletes used high intensity training load regime ( R a = 0.72) for 2 months of research with a frequency of three sessions per week.…”

“…Several researchers ( Manolachi, 2015 ; Korobeynikov et al, 2017 ; Titova et al, 2018 ; Chernozub et al, 2020 ) considering speed and power training of athletes to be the key factor of adaptive changes effectiveness, noted that the main criteria for assessing the effectiveness of different intensity training load on the body’s functional reserves and the level of athletes’ fitness are the following indicators: morpho-functional parameters, assessment of special training and changes in biochemical components of blood. At the same time, the problem of searching the effective training load regimes in the process of special strength training of MMA athletes of strike fighting style has not been studied yet and the ways of determining the optimal set of informative criteria for assessing adaptive body changes for further correction of the training process have not been described in scientific literature.…”

Synergistic Effect of Increased Total Protein Intake and Strength Training on Muscle Strength: A Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

“…Muscle strength augmentation is the result of changes in the muscle structure such as muscular hypertrophy [ 67 , 68 ], neural adaptations such as increased mobilization of motor units [ 67 , 69 , 70 ], and metabolic adaptations of anaerobic energy [ 71 – 73 ]. Resistance training was found to initiate all these three mechanisms [ 67 – 73 ].…”