Purpose:to study the connection of psychophysiological characteristics with different levels of motivation in judo athletes of high qualification. Material:highly qualified athletes were examined, members of the National Judo Team (men). All athletes (n = 25) were divided into three groups, depending on the level of motivation to achieve success. Results:it is established that the high level of motivation for achieving success in judo is provided by activation of neurodynamic, cognitive functions and the level of light resistance. Athletes with a high level of motivation to achieve success is observed the predominance of the values of neurodynamic functions: endurance of the nervous system; speed of visual reactions. Athletes with an average level of motivation to achieve success identified higher values: productivity, speed, accuracy, effectiveness of verbal information. Athletes with a predominance of avoidance of failure motivation have a preference for other groups in the speed, efficiency and stability of the processes of thinking and processing information. Conclusions:judo athletes with a predominance of motivation to avoid a failure form coping strategy to prevent psycho-emotional stress. This helps to minimize the exhaustion of vegetative resources in conditions of extreme sports activity. Judo athletes with high level of motivation to achieve success, the presence of mental state of relative comfort is associated with the search for support among others and orientation toward internal beliefs.
Background To study the peculiarities of changes in creatinine concentration in blood serum of untrained men during the prolonged usage of training loads different in volume and intensity, and to determine the value of this biochemical marker for the assessment of adaptive body changes during fitness training. Methods We examined 50 untrained men aged 18–20 years who had no contraindications for practicing fitness. Taking into account the aim of the research, we divided these people into two groups: group A and group B. The research participants used training load regimes different in volume and intensity: representatives of group Aused low intensity training load regime (Ra = 0.53) and representatives of group B used high intensity training load regime (Ra = 0.72). To assess the adaptive body changes in the examined contingent, we used the anthropometry method (circumference body size) and bioimpedansometry (body composition indicators). We also determined the features of adaptation-compensatory body reactions to different training loads by means of biochemical control of creatinine concentration in blood serum. Results The obtained results showed a significant increase in basal level of creatinine concentration in blood serum (by 17.6%) of group B representatives fixed after 3 months of practicing fitness in high intensity training load regime (Ra = 0.72). This group representative also revealed the most pronounced manifestation of adaptive body changes confirmed by the results of the maximal muscle strength growth (1RM) and circumference body size, which was almost 2.5 times higher than the results of group A representatives for the same period of time. The parameters indicating the load volume in a set (Wn) were almost 62.0 % higher in group A representatives in comparison with group B during all stages of control. Nonetheless, the highest creatinine concentration in blood serum (by 11.1 % (p < 0.05) was fixed in group A representatives in response to training load after 3 months of practicing. This fact testifies to the important role of the creatine phosphokinase mechanism of energy supply of muscular activity in the conditions of high volume and low intensity training load regime (Ra = 0.53). Conclusion The analysis of the results obtained during a series of experimental studies indicates the need and feasibility of using the indicator of basal level of creatinine concentration in blood during fitness training, especially in the conditions of high intensity and low volume training load regime (Ra = 0.72), as an informative marker for assessing the process of long-term adaptation.
Purpose: By dominating physical characteristics boxers' combat styles are divided into "strongmen", "paced in hold" and "players". However, connection of combat style with psycho-physiological characteristics of elite boxers has been remained not determined. Material: in the research 28 elite sportsmen (master of sports and international masters of sports) participated. Psycho-physiological characteristics were studied with the help of hardware and software psychodiagnostic complex "Multi-psycho-meter 05". Results: it was found that attacking combat style is accompanied by presence of high workability, reduced tiredness and anxiety, presence of psychological comfort. It was also found that defensive combat style is characterized by better quickness and processing of information. It happens at the account of worsening of qualitative characteristics: efficiency and effectiveness. We also detected presence of more rigid organization of psycho-physiological status of boxers, having attacking combat style (strongmen) in comparison with boxers of defensive style (players and paced in hold).
Background To study the peculiarities of changes in functional indicators and body composition parameters of mixed martial arts (MMA) athletes of strike fighting style and a number of biochemical blood indicators during two months of using different intensity training load regimes, and to determine the most informative criteria for assessing adaptive body changes in these training conditions. Methods We examined 40 MMA athletes (men) aged 20–22, who used mainly strike fighting style in their competitive activity, and divided them into 2 research groups (A and B), 20 athletes in each group. Group A athletes used medium intensity (Ra = 0.64), and group B—high intensity (Ra = 0.72) training load regime. To assess the adaptive body changes we applied methods of control testing of maximum muscle strength growth (1 RM), special training (the number of accurate kicks on the mannequin for 30 s), and bioimpedansometry. By monitoring biochemical parameters (testosterone, cortisol, creatinine, phosphorus, calcium, cholesterol, LDH) in the blood serum of athletes, we determined the peculiarities of adaptive-compensatory body reactions in response to training loads. Results The obtained results of special training increased during the study period by an average of 10.5% in group B athletes, but group A participants’ results had no significant changes compared to basal data. The largest increase in the development of maximum muscle strength growth by an average of 44.4% was recorded after 2 months of research in group B. Group B athletes also had positive changes in body fat and fat-free mass indicators during the study which were two times higher than the results of group A. The laboratory studies and correlation analysis showed informative biochemical markers (cortisol, testosterone and creatinine) for assessing the condition of athletes in both groups before using high and medium training load regimes. The biochemical markers for assessing the adaptive-compensatory reactions of athletes in response to high-intensity physical stimuli at the beginning of the study were indicators of LDH and cholesterol, and in conditions of medium intensity it was LDH, testosterone and cortisol. After 2 months of study the set of biochemical markers assessing the adaptation processes before the load completely changed only in group B athletes and consisted of LDH, phosphorus, cholesterol, and calcium. At the same time, the set of biochemical criteria for assessing adaptive-compensatory reactions after training in group B athletes was completely changed compared with the data recorded at the beginning of the study. Conclusion Defining the optimal set of criteria for assessing the adaptive-compensatory changes in MMA athletes of strike fighting style will allow in the shortest possible time to correct the parameters of the training load regime for accelerating the body functionality in the process of special power training.
The successful and effective management of sports training is impossible without the justified forecasting. The retrospective analysis of the sport career of elite sportsmen allows to identify interconnections of the competitions -results on various stages of the sporting career. Analysis of papers showed, there are no researches which would analyse the highest-level sportsmen in wrestling -Olympic champions. Aim of the research -to analyse results of the Olympic champions in wrestling from 1996 to the present day and to discover the main trends and regularities. The analysis included 41 sport careers of winners in freestyle wrestling of the six Olympic Games from 1996 to 2016. The results of wrestlers on international competitions into the four age stages are analysed: the pre-junior age, junior age, senior until the victory at the Olympic Games and a time period after the victory. The majority of the sportsmen (90.3 %) win only once and participate in the OG only once or twice (90.2 %). The retrospective analysis has shown that 48.8 % of wrestlers-champions have performed at the international stage at the cadets age, and 85.4 % of sportsmen at the junior age, over 90 % of them have taken the winning places. Prior to the victory at the Olympic Games 87.8 % of the sportsmen take part at the continental championships, all of them have won medals. And 82.9 % have participated at the world championships, and 91.2 % of them have taken places from 1 to 3.
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