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Abstract. Our interest to search for anticancer bioactive compounds from Benalu Batu (Begonia sp), we applied molecular docking approach to identify the natural product compounds that might be responsible for anticancer activity with a specific target and selective inhibition mechanism. Our goal is to identify the potential anticancer compounds based on virtual screening on the protein of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (EGFR-TK) as virtual inhibition target from reported chemical constituents of Begonia species. Molecular docking was performed by using open babel, SPORES, and PLANTS1.2 software under Fedora Linux operation system and validated based on Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) value. The 62 compounds from 9 species of Begonia were docked to the pocket of erlotinib binding site in EGFR-TK protein. The docking result showed that the compound type of alkaloid, steroidal glycoside, triterpenoid glycoside and flavonoid glycoside (polyphenol) have higher chemPLP docking score than other compounds and co-crystallized ligand erlotinib. This result suggested the high potential anticancer activity of alkaloid and glycoside type compounds from Begonia species that lead us to identify and isolate these types of compounds from Begonia sp.

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Tamoenju (Hibiscus surattensis L.) leaves are included in the malvaceae family which grows in the plateau and are known to have the antidiabetic activity that the standardization of the extract is needed to be conducted. The research aimed to discover the total level of secondary metabolites from ethanol extract. The extraction of Tamoenju leaves through maceration method with 96% ethanol was done to obtain the filtrate. The filtrate obtained was concentrated by using rotary evaporator at 40°C until the concentrated extract was obtained. The extract gained was then tested in a qualitative way with Alkaloid, Flavonoid, Saponin, and Tannin tests by using the suitable reagent for the test parameters. While in the quantitative test the method used was Gravimetric analysis on alkaloid and Saponin compounds, Permanganometry on Tannin compound, and UV-Visible Spectrophotometry on Flavonoid. The qualitative test results reveal that Tamoenju is positive for containing Alkaloid which was characterized by the presence of orange sediment, Flavonoid was characterized by the orange formation, Tannin was characterized by the dark blue and Saponin was characterized by the stable foam. The quantitative test results are Alkaloid by 305.181 g/g, Saponin by 371.112 g/g, Tannin by 55.417 g/g and Flavonoid by 14.999 mg/100 g.Keywords: Hibiscus surattensis L. , secondary metabolites, standardization

Ethnomedicinal study on LedoKaili tribe has been conducted from January to April 2015 in Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi. This study aims to know and to inventory the various species of plants, their parts, and ways of utilization used to treat any types of disease and how the by the tribe. This research is descriptive using qualitative methods and snowball sampling technique through open-ended interviews to 10 informants by using questionnaire. Based on the study results, plants used as medicine were known as many as 86 species coming from  37 familia in which four species have notbeen identified yet. The most widely used plants are from familia Zingiberaceae (8 species). Plant parts used include leaf, stem, fruit, root, rhizome, tuber, herb, bark, sap, and flower. Leafisthe part of the plant used with the highest percentage (53%). Local people use medicinal plants for purposes of chronic, infectious, and non-infectious diseases. Besides being able to treat people's illnesses,the plants were also used for body health care as well as dietary supplements. Ways of processing medicinal plants is done by boiling, crushing, squeezing, shredding and soaking. The most widely is boiled with percentage of 60%. As for how to use medicinal plants, the people use them in ways of drinking, eating, rubbing, dropping, and tapping/attaching. Drinking is the most usual way to use them with a percentage of 74%

Herbal plant ethno pharmacy study in Butonse has been coducted from January to april2014 in Binongko Sub-districtm Wakatobi Regency of South East Sulawesi. This research aimed tofind out various species and plant organs used, kinds of diseases healed, and the way to use the herbalplants by Butonese in Binongko Sub-district. This was a descripive research using qualitativemethod.The sample was taken through snowball technique with 17 informans by using questiomnaire.Based on the research result, it was obtained 53 species of plants and divided into 35 families thatused as medicine.The most used plants were family of Euphorbiaceae of 6 species. It was found 3kinds of unique plants used such as tali putri, daun picah, and kayu kuda. The organs used were leaf,fruit, stem, tuber, root, rhozome. Latex, flower, stem skin, and wood skin. The most used plant’sorgan was the leaves of 56%. The wey is by boiling, pounding, chewing, squeezing, slicing, smearing,burning, dropping, soaking, consuming directly, gratting, attachng, and having smoke. The most wayused is by boiling and pounding for 34% each.

The isolation and identification of flavonoid compounds from ethanol extract of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus (F.A.C.Weber) Briton & Rose) have been done. Red dragon fruit extract was obtained by maceration of dragon fruit powder with 96% ethanol. The ethanol extract was then partitioned by liquid-liquid partition method using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water, respectively. Ethyl acetate extract was separated by vacuum liquid chromatography, while the water extract was first hydrolyzed by HCl and then partitioned with ethyl acetate (ethyl acetate fraction). The results of the purification of the ethyl acetate extract by preparative TLC yielded five isolates. However, only the third isolates were positive flavonoid compounds. The UV-Vis spectral data of three isolates showed a peak at 330 nm (band I) and 280 nm (band II), and the addition of the diagnostic reagents did not show bathochromic and hipsochromic shifting. Based on the obtained data, the third isolate was suspected flavanones compound.

A molecular docking analysis has been carried out on several cytotoxic cembaranoid type diterpenes that have been isolated from soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum i.e sarcophytolol, sarcophytolide B, sarcophytolide C, sarcophine, deoxosarcophine, and cembrene C. All the compounds were investigated using in silico molecular docking with several enzymes and receptor protein targets i.e cyclin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CDK-2), cyclin-dependent protein kinase 6 (CDK-6), protein kinase C (PKC), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), DNA topoisomerase II and tubulin, in order to investigate the potential molecular targets and to correlate the experimental cytotoxicity of these cembranoid compounds. Molecular docking revealed that sarcophytolol C and deoxosarcophine docked strongly into podophylotoxin binding site of tubulin receptor while the other compounds exhihited selectivity for protein kinase C. The variation of experimental inhibition of concentration (IC 50) on several cancer cell lines might be due to the difference mechanism of actions of these cembranoid compounds.