Abstract. Our interest to search for anticancer bioactive compounds from Benalu Batu (Begonia sp), we applied molecular docking approach to identify the natural product compounds that might be responsible for anticancer activity with a specific target and selective inhibition mechanism. Our goal is to identify the potential anticancer compounds based on virtual screening on the protein of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (EGFR-TK) as virtual inhibition target from reported chemical constituents of Begonia species. Molecular docking was performed by using open babel, SPORES, and PLANTS1.2 software under Fedora Linux operation system and validated based on Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) value. The 62 compounds from 9 species of Begonia were docked to the pocket of erlotinib binding site in EGFR-TK protein. The docking result showed that the compound type of alkaloid, steroidal glycoside, triterpenoid glycoside and flavonoid glycoside (polyphenol) have higher chemPLP docking score than other compounds and co-crystallized ligand erlotinib. This result suggested the high potential anticancer activity of alkaloid and glycoside type compounds from Begonia species that lead us to identify and isolate these types of compounds from Begonia sp.
Ethnomedicinal study on LedoKaili tribe has been conducted from January to April 2015 in Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi. This study aims to know and to inventory the various species of plants, their parts, and ways of utilization used to treat any types of disease and how the by the tribe. This research is descriptive using qualitative methods and snowball sampling technique through open-ended interviews to 10 informants by using questionnaire. Based on the study results, plants used as medicine were known as many as 86 species coming from 37 familia in which four species have notbeen identified yet. The most widely used plants are from familia Zingiberaceae (8 species). Plant parts used include leaf, stem, fruit, root, rhizome, tuber, herb, bark, sap, and flower. Leafisthe part of the plant used with the highest percentage (53%). Local people use medicinal plants for purposes of chronic, infectious, and non-infectious diseases. Besides being able to treat people's illnesses,the plants were also used for body health care as well as dietary supplements. Ways of processing medicinal plants is done by boiling, crushing, squeezing, shredding and soaking. The most widely is boiled with percentage of 60%. As for how to use medicinal plants, the people use them in ways of drinking, eating, rubbing, dropping, and tapping/attaching. Drinking is the most usual way to use them with a percentage of 74%
Ranunculus muricatus L. is a spiny fruit buttercup that is used in various traditional medicinal systems. In the current investigation of R. muricatus, the new chalcone 4-benzyloxylonchocarpin (1), the new anthraquinone muracatanes A (2), the new-to-nature anthraquinone muracatanes B (3), and the new naphthalene analog muracatanes C (4) were isolated, in addition to the three previously reported compounds, 4-methoxylonchocarpin (5), β-sitosterol (6), and β-sitosterol β-D-glucopyranoside (7). Their structures were elucidated using 1D (1H and 13C) and 2D (COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy and HR-ESI-MS. Chalcone 1 showed potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects with Ki of 5.39 µM and Ki′ of 3.54 µM, but none of the isolated compounds showed inhibitory activity towards butyrylcholinesterase. Anthraquinone 3 illustrated α-glucosidase inhibitory effects with IC50-values of 164.46 ± 83.04 µM. Compound 5 displayed moderate cytotoxic activity towards ovarian carcinoma (A2780, IC50 = 25.4 µM), colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT29, IC50 = 20.2 µM), breast cancer (MCF7, IC50 = 23.7 µM), and thyroid carcinoma (SW1736, IC50 = 26.2 µM) while it was inactive towards pharynx carcinoma (FaDu: IC50 > 30 µM).
Tamoenju (Hibiscus surattensis L.) leaves are included in the malvaceae family which grows in the plateau and are known to have the antidiabetic activity that the standardization of the extract is needed to be conducted. The research aimed to discover the total level of secondary metabolites from ethanol extract. The extraction of Tamoenju leaves through maceration method with 96% ethanol was done to obtain the filtrate. The filtrate obtained was concentrated by using rotary evaporator at 40°C until the concentrated extract was obtained. The extract gained was then tested in a qualitative way with Alkaloid, Flavonoid, Saponin, and Tannin tests by using the suitable reagent for the test parameters. While in the quantitative test the method used was Gravimetric analysis on alkaloid and Saponin compounds, Permanganometry on Tannin compound, and UV-Visible Spectrophotometry on Flavonoid. The qualitative test results reveal that Tamoenju is positive for containing Alkaloid which was characterized by the presence of orange sediment, Flavonoid was characterized by the orange formation, Tannin was characterized by the dark blue and Saponin was characterized by the stable foam. The quantitative test results are Alkaloid by 305.181 g/g, Saponin by 371.112 g/g, Tannin by 55.417 g/g and Flavonoid by 14.999 mg/100 g.Keywords: Hibiscus surattensis L. , secondary metabolites, standardization
Tofu wastewater is the origination of tofu’s production process that can degrade the quality of the environment if not handled properly. Another impact of this waste is the potential attack that could evoke the diseases such as diarrhea, skin diseases, and other illnesses for people who use the stream flow that has been polluted by this wastewater. However, the high-carbohydrate and protein of this waste may allow it to be used more as a microbial growth substrate to produce a Single-cell Protein. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum incubation time and the highest protein content of Rhizopus oryzae in the medium of tofu wastewater based on the calculation of protein content percentage and the analysis of cell dry mass. And to know the optimum pH growth with the variation of pH growth which is about 4, 5, and 6. The calculation is performed in accordance with the fermentation time at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Total protein content calculated by the Kjeldahl method. The results showed the highest protein content obtained in the incubation period to 48 hours with an average percent of protein about 0.47%, 0.47%, 0.46% and a mass of cell with an average value of 0.77%, 0, 84% and 0.91%. The optimum pH of Rhizopus oryzae growth in the medium of tofu wastewater is about 5 pH. It can be concluded that the wastewater of tofu potentially used as a growth substrate of Rhizopus oryzae. Keywords: Wastewater of Tofu, Single-cell Protein, Rhizopus oryzae.
The isolation and identification of flavonoid compounds from ethanol extract of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus (F.A.C.Weber) Briton & Rose) have been done. Red dragon fruit extract was obtained by maceration of dragon fruit powder with 96% ethanol. The ethanol extract was then partitioned by liquid-liquid partition method using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water, respectively. Ethyl acetate extract was separated by vacuum liquid chromatography, while the water extract was first hydrolyzed by HCl and then partitioned with ethyl acetate (ethyl acetate fraction). The results of the purification of the ethyl acetate extract by preparative TLC yielded five isolates. However, only the third isolates were positive flavonoid compounds. The UV-Vis spectral data of three isolates showed a peak at 330 nm (band I) and 280 nm (band II), and the addition of the diagnostic reagents did not show bathochromic and hipsochromic shifting. Based on the obtained data, the third isolate was suspected flavanones compound.
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