ABSTRAKKrim pemutih merupakan campuran bahan kimia dan bahan lainnya dengan khasiat bisa menyamarkan noda hitam pada kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah krim pemutih wajah tidak terdaftar mengandung merkuri (Hg) dan mengetahui jumlah kadar merkuri (Hg) pada krim pemutih wajah yang beredar di Pasar Inpres Kota Palu. Sampel krim pemutih wajah yang diteliti sejumlah 10 sampel dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Pengujian kandungan merkuri dilakukan dengan dua tahap yaitu tahap pertama secara kualitatif (uji warna) dan tahap kedua secara kuantitatif Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom beserta alat tambahan MPU (Mercury Vaporizer Unit). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari kesepuluh sampel yang diuji semuanya mengandung merkuri (Hg) dengan rata-rata kadar sampel A = 67,27 µg/g, B = 5349,47 µg/g, C = 137,49 µg/g, D = 159,25 µg/g, E = 90,22 µg/g, F = 33,61 µg/g, G = 31,87 µg/g, H = 32,36 µg/g, I = 3,63 µg/g dan J = 3,52 µg/g. Kata kunci :Krim Pemutih Wajah, Merkuri, MVU ABSTRACTWhitening cream is a mixture of chemicals and other materials to eliminate the the black spots on the skin. The purpose of this research was to determine whether unregistered facial whitening creams that contain mercury (Hg) and to determine the amount of mercury (Hg) levels of the facial whitening creams have circulated in the Inpres Market Palu. There are 10 samples were examined of facial whitening cream by using Purposive Sampling method. The testing of mercury content is divided into two stages first stage is qualitative testing (color test) and the second stage is quantitative testing atomic absorption Spectrophotometry using additional tools MVU (Mercury Vaporizer Unit). The result of the research show that all of 10 the samples contained mercury (Hg) with an average content of each sample A = 67,27 µg/g , B = 5349,47 µg/g, C = 137,49 µg/g, D = 159,25 µg/g, E = 90,22 µg/g, F = 33,61 µg/g, G = 31,87 µg/g, H = 32,36 µg/g, I = 3,63 µg/g and J = 3,52 µg/g.

Herbal plant ethno pharmacy study in Butonse has been coducted from January to april2014 in Binongko Sub-districtm Wakatobi Regency of South East Sulawesi. This research aimed tofind out various species and plant organs used, kinds of diseases healed, and the way to use the herbalplants by Butonese in Binongko Sub-district. This was a descripive research using qualitativemethod.The sample was taken through snowball technique with 17 informans by using questiomnaire.Based on the research result, it was obtained 53 species of plants and divided into 35 families thatused as medicine.The most used plants were family of Euphorbiaceae of 6 species. It was found 3kinds of unique plants used such as tali putri, daun picah, and kayu kuda. The organs used were leaf,fruit, stem, tuber, root, rhozome. Latex, flower, stem skin, and wood skin. The most used plant’sorgan was the leaves of 56%. The wey is by boiling, pounding, chewing, squeezing, slicing, smearing,burning, dropping, soaking, consuming directly, gratting, attachng, and having smoke. The most wayused is by boiling and pounding for 34% each.

This study aims to find out and to inventory the types and parts of plants as well as to dig up information about ways of their utilization as remedy used by Bungku people “To Bungku”. It was conducted from August to December 2015 in Bungku Subdistrict, Central Bungku, Morowali Regency, Central Sulawesi. This research is a descriptive study using qualitative methods and snowball sampling technique on 12 informants through data collection by questionnaire. Results of this etnopharmacy study revealed that there were 62 species of medicinal plants divided into 34 familia. The most widely used plants came from familia Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae and Zingiberaceae, each was as many as 8%. Parts of plant including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds and bulbs were used in accordance with their function. Leaves were the ones used with the highest percentage (50%). Bungku people used medicinal plants to treat diseases such as kidney stone, diabetes, hemorrhoids, diarrhea, abscess, candidiasis, gout, cancer, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, dyspepsia, cough, abdominal pain, malaria, hematuria, skin inflammation, headache, fever, bronchitis, dysentery, asthma, stroke, gallstones, urinary tract infections, broken bones, nail-punctured, wound ulcers, burns, hepatitis, appendicitis. Ways of the utilization were very diverse such as boiling then drinking the decoction; crushing then rubbing on the necessary skin; attaching to the body; squeezing then drinking the juice; and heating on the fire. Processing by boiling has the largest percentage, as much as 54%

This study aims to inventory and to know the ways of utilization as well as parts of the plants which have been used by people of Kaili Moma Tribe in Kulawi Subdistrict, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi. This research is a descriptive study which used qualitative methods and purposive sampling technique through open-ended interviews to 87 people of Kaili Moma Tribe using questionnaire. The results of this study showed that there were 51 species of plants, classified into 29 familia, used as remedies (traditional medicine) for the treatments of 41 types of disease. The most widely used plants came from family Lamiaceae with percentage of 17%.  The parts of plant used by the people included leaves, fruits, stems, tubers, roots, rhizomes, seeds, herbs, flowers and thorns. Part of the plants most frequently used as remedies is leaf with percentage of 49%. Ways of the plants utilization were very diverse, such as boiling; squeezing, and pounding. The people use them in ways of drinking, eating, rubbing, and affixing them to the affected part.

Background: Moringa oleifera is a popular plant that has been known to have several importance biological activities. Objectives: To perform phytochemical analysis, to in vivo evaluate the antihyperuricemic activity and to measure the inhibition of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera seed on xanthine oxidase enzyme. Materials and Methods: The seed were collected from Sigi regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Extraction was performed by maceration method with ethanol 96% as a solvent. Thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrophotometric UV-Vis were used to determine the phytochemical contents. The antihyperuricemic activity was evaluated by using in vivo model of rat induced by potassium oxonate. The xanthin oxidase inhibitory activity was also determined by spectroscopic method by measuring the catalytic rate of xanthin oxidase enzyme. Results: Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponin and tannin. Quantitative determination of total flavonoids and quercetin concentration found the values of 82.17 ± 0.684 mg QE/g and 0.5131 ± 0.0022 mg/g dried extract, respectively. Ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera seed have potential antihyperuricemic activity in which it can significantly reduce the serum uric acid level on potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemic rat model with the effective dose of 125 mg/ kg BW. Xanthin oxidase inhibitory activity showed the moderate activity with IC 50 of 88.39 μg/ml. Conclusion: This study confirmed the potential of Moringa oleifera seed ethanolic extract, growing in Sigi, Central Sulawesi to be developed as herbal medicinal source for antihyperuricemic drug.

This study aims to inventory and to record plants and their parts used as medicine by Dondo Tribe in Dondo Subdistrict, Tolitoli Regency, Central Sulawesi. This research is a descriptive study using qualitative methods and snowball sampling technique through open-ended interviews to 4 informants using questionnaire. The results showed that 56 plant species divided into 32 familia were used as medicine. The most widely used plant was from Euphorbiaceae family as much as 11%. Parts of plant which were used included leaf, petiole, stem, bark, flower, fruit, seed, rhizomes, tuber, and herb. Part of plant widely used was the leaf with percentage of utilization as much as 62%. The people of Dondo Tribe in Tolitoli District use the plants for treatment of illness, recovery, and maintenance of health. The methods of processing included decocting, mashing, roasting, burning, squeezing, and brewing the parts of the plant. The ways of using included drinking, eating, chewing, smearing, dropping, affixing/compressing, attaching, and rubbing the plant preparations on the sore spot as well as inhaling the fumes, and mixing it with water for bathing

The present study used the experimental work of technical cooperation project entitled "salt-tolerant forage production systems to salt-affected lands in Sinai Peninsula in Egypt" which supported by ICBA (International Center for Biosaline Agriculture). The aim of the present study was effect of feeding on salt tolerant plants ((Kochia indica and Pennisetum americanum) on physical and chemical properties of coat fibers in sheep. Twenty four male growing Barki lambs Twenty-four male growing (averaged six months of age and 18.8±0.89 Kg of body weight) were divided randomly into three groups given CFM (concentrate feed mixture) to cover 100% of maintenance requirement. Berseem hay (Trifolium alexandrinum) fed to the first group (G1) as a control diet. The total amount of (Kochia indica) and (Pennisetum americanum) grass mixture was divided into two equal parts: the first part was kept as hay to be fed for the second group (G2) while the other part was mixed with 5% molasses to make haylage for the third group (G3). Wool samples were taken to estimate fiber length (FL), fiber cross sectional area (FCSA), crimp frequency (CF), cotting score (CS), also amino acids; Threonine (Thr), Valine (Val), Methionine (Met), Isoleucine (Iso), Leucine (Leu), Phenylalanine (Phe), Histidine (His), Lysine (Lys), Aspartic acid (Asp), Serine (Ser), Glutamic acid (Glu), Proline (Pro), Glycine (Gly), Alanine (Ala), Cystine (Cys), Tyrosine (Tyr) and Arginine (Arg) were analyzed. Results showed a slight increase in all fiber amino acids contents for both G2 and G3 as compared with control. Results recorded marked differences in Cys, Ala, Asp, Arg, Thr and Met between all groups. Amino acids; Cys, Ala, Glu, Pro and Met showed a significant increase in G3 whereas only Met achieved a marked increase in the two treatment groups than control. Amino acid Met significantly increased in coarse and fine fibers of both G2 and G3, while Ala tended to be higher in only fine fibers of G3 as compared with control. There was no significant effect of treatment on the studied wool characteristics, except CS which significantly increased in G2 and G3. Within groups, FL slightly increased in coarse and fine fibers in both G2 and G3. The increase in FL of coarse fibers was significantly higher than fine fibers in G2 and G3. The same trend was observed in CS. The FCSA decreased in both coarse and fine fibers of G2 and G3 than control, this decline was higher in G3 than G2. Feeding on haylage might cause an increase in fiber length and fiber fineness through decreasing FCSA, and an increase of CF in fine fibers of G3 than G2 and a partially decline in CS. It could concluded that feeding on salt tolerant plants (Kochia indica and Pennisetum americanum) mixed with molasses may cause an increase in fiber amino acids contents which in turn make changes in physical characteristics of wool fibers viz.; an increase in fiber length and cotting score, and a decrease in fiber cross sectional area and crimp frequency of Barki lambs.

Lycopene is a carotenoid group easily damaged due to the oxidation process (light, oxygen and temperature) and isomerization during storage. This damage can be minimized by microencapsulation processes. The objective of this study was to develop novel microencapsulation of lycopene extracts from tomato fruit by solvent evaporation method using ethyl cellulose as wall materials and to select the optimum formulation. Three microcapsule formulations were prepared containing the ratio of lycopene and ethyl cellulose (L:ES) of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3. The morphology of the microcapsules was analysed by optical microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy. The encapsulation efficiency, particle size, recovery yield and moisture content were also examined. The result showed that all microcapsule formula were aggregated and irregular in shape with encapsulation efficiency of 6.13- 19.43%, moisture content of 1,63- 7,52%, recovery yield of 81-98,12% and particle size of 46,2-86µm. Microcapsule with a ratio 1:3 (L:ES) was the most optimum formula based on a maximum encapsulation efficiency than the others