The aim of this research was to analyze the correlation of age of Bali bull to the body weight and semen qualities. The materials were 50 Balibulls data collected from 2012 to 2018. Therecordeddatawere consisted ofsemen productions (n = 1304) and body weight (n = 1544). The observation was conducted to analysis the interrelationship between the Bali bulls age and body weight (BW), to the semen volume (SV), individual motility (IM) and sperm concentration (SC). The obtained data was analyzed with One-Way ANOVA analysisby using SPSS 24 and followed with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test to determine any significant differences. The correlation between Bali bulls age (the independent variable) and semen quality (the dependent variable) was computed by using Pearson correlation method and presented in linear regression models. The results showed that the Bali bulls agesignificantly affect (P<0.05) the BW from the age of 1 to 10 years old. The age also showed a significant effect (P<0.05) on the semen qualities. The age correlated significantly (P<0.05) with BW, SV, IM, SC were 0.658, 0.386, 0.134 and 0.086, respectively. Inconclusion,the age of Bali bull could be used as an indicator todetermineits BWand semenqualities.

This study was aimed to evaluate the reproduction index of Kacang goat does reared under closed population with extensive farming system in the Fishpond area of Buduran Sub-District, Sidoarjo Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. A total of 146 Kacang does data were purposively selected and collected from around 1, 700 Kacang goat population through survey and interview with 12 farmers. All of the obtained data collected, were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that most of the Kacang goat dams (67.80%) delivered single kid, and then followed with twin (30.13%) and triplet (2.05%) per partus, with the average litter size of 1.34 ± 0.51. The pre-weaning mortality observed was about 20.40%. The kidding interval and days open were 7.41 ± 0.99 and 2.41 ± 0.99 months, respectively. Moreover, the results also showed that the Kacang does had the reproduction index of 1.69. The research concluded that Kacang goats are well adapted and suitable to be reared with extensive farming system in Sidoarjo Regency regarding to reproduction index and -performances.

Singosari National Artificial Insemination Center (SNAIC), East Java is one of the most important Government Institution which produces frozen semen from elite bulls and distributes it to overall Indonesia regions of the most part and to overseas of the other small part. The local elite bulls at SNAIC were originated and selected from the population based on the phenotypic characteristics and pedigrees. While the exotic breed was originated from the certified elite bulls from company in overseas. This paper was aimed to review the consistency of semen production of elite bulls over the years from 2012 to 2018. The semen production was controlled by the age of bulls. The semen volume was quite low from the age of 2 – 4 years old, increased from 5 – 8 years old, and reached maximum volume by 9 years old and forward. The individual motility of sperm was low in first phase of semen collection by age of 2 years and then reached stable motility from the age of 3 years old and forward. While the sperm concentration was stable normal and not affected the age of bulls, ranged from 1004 ± 289 to 1124 ± 306 (x106) sperm / ml. When the body weight was grouped as low, medium and high, the semen volume, sperm motility and sperm concentration per ml were significantly increased in all parameters. The semen could be collected continuously by months over year although the ejaculate volume and sperm motility were significant different three monthly might be due to the different climate and quality of consumed feed. The higher semen production was during the period of October – December and the lowest was from January to March. The semen production during the periods of April – June was similar to those from July – September. In conclusion, by excluding the feed and feeding factors, the semen production of elite bulls at Singosari National Insemination Center (SNAIC) were affected by age of bulls, body weight and months of semen collection.

This study was conducted to induce estrus by laser puncture exposure in anestrus post-partum Etawah Crossbred goats, at different stages of parity. In total 38 does at parity 1 to 6 were treated by laser puncture in the reproductive acupuncture spots. The exposure of laser puncture was 10 sec per spot, for three consecutive days, on 17 reproductive acupuncture spots located at 1.5 cm lateral columna and lumbal vertebrae L1 to L7 and at vulva. Estrus was observed from day 1 until 11 days post exposure. Variable observed were exhibition, length and onset of estrus. As the result 76.32% of does were exhibit estrus. According to parity, percentage of estrus does was increase form parity 1 to 3, and slightly decrease form parity 4 to 6. Onset estrus was around 2 – 6 h in parity 2 to 3, while longer estrus was found in parity 4 to 6 around 6 – 13. Estrus length in parity 1 and 2 was 55 h, and it is shorter compared to parity 3 to 6 (>80 h). It was concluded that laser puncture able to induce estrus and cccording to parity, acceptable estrus was showed at parity 1 to 3 than 4 to 6.

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Reproduction in domestic animal is a very complex process. The process starts from gamete formation, release, gamete transport, fertilization, embryo and fetal development until delivery of the offspring by the dam. Reproduction holds the most important role in determining the success of livestock farming, profit or loss. The genetic selection of the reproductive traits became an important program to find out the merit candidate dam and bulls. At early time, the selection for reproduction traits was based on the visually phenotypic performance, and this is maintained for long time until present time. In the next phase, the values of heritability for reproduction traits was chosen as a basis of selection. The molecular aspect used for reproductive mechanism and expression was noted beginning in the 2000s using Polymerase Chain Reaction – Restricted Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP). The newest technique is to explore not only the role of DNA in the programming the reproductive mechanism, but the the expression of gen (nucleic DNA) at the Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) at the outside level of the cell nucleus. Keywords: genetic factor, genetic material, SNP, reproduction process

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Reproductive performance of quail hens (Coturnixcoturnix japonica) at sexual maturity was evaluated following two feeding restriction programs (100%, 90% and 80% of ad libitum) and energy metabolism (EM) of ration: 2900 Kcal/kg and 2800 Kcal/kg) between 2 weeks and 5 weeks of age with five replicates of 10 chicks per replicate. Body weight and feed conversion were measured weekly during feed restriction. After experimental feeding treatment, age at first egg, BW, egg weight, development of reproductive organ on sexual maturity were evaluated of one hen's quail per treatment. The results of the experiment indicated that the restricted feeding until 80% of ad libitum was consequently (p <0.01) delayed sexual maturity and influence the development of the reproductive organ. However, it did not show significant influence on the body weight of the first-laid egg and initial egg production. Restricted feeding at 90% of ad libitum and EM ration 2900 Kcal/kg showed the best results for quail feed management during growth.