The purpose of this research was determined effect of inhibitory the Phaleria macrocarpa L. fruits extract with ethanol and aquades solvents againts Staphylococcus aureus. Materials used was Staphylococcus aureus which isolated from mastitis milk. Phaleria macrocarpa L. fruits powder were extracted using ethanol and aquades with concentration were 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. Iodips was used as control. Inhibitory of bacteria effect test was done by well diffusion methods. Variable was inhibition zone of each concentration, both of ethanol and aquades solvent. Data was analyzed by using two way nested ANOVA and continued by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Result showed that highly significantly (P<0.01) on inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aures. Diameters of inhibitory was the optimum inhibition with ethanol solvent (17.46±0.67) mm and aquades solvent (11.14±0.30) mm. The best of treatment of Phaleria macrocarpa L. fruits extract againts Staphylococcus aureus with ethanol and aquades solvent was 40%. The conclusion of this research is that mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa L.) fruits extract with ethanol and aquades solvent in concentration 40% had a high ability to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Phaleria macrocarpa L. fruits extract with ethanol higher in inhibiting capability the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria compared to aquades solvent.

This study was conducted to induce estrus by laser puncture exposure in anestrus post-partum Etawah Crossbred goats, at different stages of parity. In total 38 does at parity 1 to 6 were treated by laser puncture in the reproductive acupuncture spots. The exposure of laser puncture was 10 sec per spot, for three consecutive days, on 17 reproductive acupuncture spots located at 1.5 cm lateral columna and lumbal vertebrae L1 to L7 and at vulva. Estrus was observed from day 1 until 11 days post exposure. Variable observed were exhibition, length and onset of estrus. As the result 76.32% of does were exhibit estrus. According to parity, percentage of estrus does was increase form parity 1 to 3, and slightly decrease form parity 4 to 6. Onset estrus was around 2 – 6 h in parity 2 to 3, while longer estrus was found in parity 4 to 6 around 6 – 13. Estrus length in parity 1 and 2 was 55 h, and it is shorter compared to parity 3 to 6 (>80 h). It was concluded that laser puncture able to induce estrus and cccording to parity, acceptable estrus was showed at parity 1 to 3 than 4 to 6.

This study was aimed to evaluate the reproduction index of Kacang goat does reared under closed population with extensive farming system in the Fishpond area of Buduran Sub-District, Sidoarjo Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. A total of 146 Kacang does data were purposively selected and collected from around 1, 700 Kacang goat population through survey and interview with 12 farmers. All of the obtained data collected, were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that most of the Kacang goat dams (67.80%) delivered single kid, and then followed with twin (30.13%) and triplet (2.05%) per partus, with the average litter size of 1.34 ± 0.51. The pre-weaning mortality observed was about 20.40%. The kidding interval and days open were 7.41 ± 0.99 and 2.41 ± 0.99 months, respectively. Moreover, the results also showed that the Kacang does had the reproduction index of 1.69. The research concluded that Kacang goats are well adapted and suitable to be reared with extensive farming system in Sidoarjo Regency regarding to reproduction index and -performances.

Apple was a common fruit among the community. Apple had many health benefits. Manalagi Apple peel (Malus sylvestris Mill.) contained lots of active substances which could serve as anti-bacterial. Some of active substances consisted of polyphenols and phytochemicals derived from polyphenols, and flavonoids. Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae were bacteria which caused mastitis. The only way which could be done to prevent mastitis was the natural prevention of bacteria using the peel of manalagi apple decoction. The objectives of this study were to determine the ability of the decoction of manalagi apple peel in inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae which caused mastitis in dairy cattle and determining the optimal concentration. The method used was diffusion wells with 4 treatments (10%, 20%, 30%, and iodpis) and 5 repetitions. Analysis of data used Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result of this study showed that decoction of manalagi apple peel at various concentrations was able to inhibit

Reproduction in most important factor determining the effectivity of the goat farming trough the success of increasing number of animal in the herd or population. Reproduction performance is the phenotypic trait and those more influenced by management factor than by genetic factor. However, the Indonesian local goat was reported having high adaptability and tolerance to the tropical climate with high environmental daily temperature and humidity, low quality feed and some parasites. This paper reviews the reproduction performances of local goats under intensive management in the company and when those kept by small holder farmers. The data analysis showed that the reproductive parameters in intensively were higher than those of managed by small farmers (Service per Conception, litter size, pre-weaning mortality, and birth weight), the weaning weight were similar in both groups, while Days Open and Kidding Interval were significant lower in intensive farming than those maintained by small farmers as well as extensive farming. In conclusion, the reproduction performances that were controlled by good management system, good feeding and management will improve service per conception, litter size, birth weight, and reduced pre-weaning mortality, while on the other hands, the extensive farming increased the performances of days open and kidding interval time.

No abstract

Green betle leaf (Piper betle L.) is one of the plants used by the people of Indonesia for tradisional medicine. Green betle leaf contains antibacterial compounds consisting of phenol and its derivatives. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of green betle leaf (Piper betle L.) againt the bacteria Streptococcus agalactiae caused mastitis in dairy cows. Bacterial inhibition test by paper disc method. Data analysis using ANOVA by Nested design with 6 treatment and 6 repetitions. The results of this study green betle leaf (Piper betle L.) extract inhibiting the growth of bacteria Streptococcus agalactiae was significantly different (P<0,01). The conclusion were the extract of green betel leaf (Piper betle L.) can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus agalactiae and storage temperature has no effect, but storage periode gives effect the quality of green betel leaf extract (Piper betle L.), so that the leaf extract storage green betel with distilled solvent recommended on 2 nd days at refrigerator.

This research was aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of mahkota dewa extract and the effective concentration of mahkota dewa extract against