Some Factors Affecting the Semen Production Continuity of Elite Bulls: Reviewing Data at Singosari National Artificial Insemination Center (SNAIC), Indonesia

Abstract

Singosari National Artificial Insemination Center (SNAIC), East Java is one of the most important Government Institution which produces frozen semen from elite bulls and distributes it to overall Indonesia regions of the most part and to overseas of the other small part. The local elite bulls at SNAIC were originated and selected from the population based on the phenotypic characteristics and pedigrees. While the exotic breed was originated from the certified elite bulls from company in overseas. This paper was aimed to review the consistency of semen production of elite bulls over the years from 2012 to 2018. The semen production was controlled by the age of bulls. The semen volume was quite low from the age of 2 – 4 years old, increased from 5 – 8 years old, and reached maximum volume by 9 years old and forward. The individual motility of sperm was low in first phase of semen collection by age of 2 years and then reached stable motility from the age of 3 years old and forward. While the sperm concentration was stable normal and not affected the age of bulls, ranged from 1004 ± 289 to 1124 ± 306 (x106) sperm / ml. When the body weight was grouped as low, medium and high, the semen volume, sperm motility and sperm concentration per ml were significantly increased in all parameters. The semen could be collected continuously by months over year although the ejaculate volume and sperm motility were significant different three monthly might be due to the different climate and quality of consumed feed. The higher semen production was during the period of October – December and the lowest was from January to March. The semen production during the periods of April – June was similar to those from July – September. In conclusion, by excluding the feed and feeding factors, the semen production of elite bulls at Singosari National Insemination Center (SNAIC) were affected by age of bulls, body weight and months of semen collection.

The potential of sperm bovine protamine as a protein marker of semen production and quality at the National Artificial Insemination Center of Indonesia

“…Therefore, the PRM1 concentrations detected in sperm in this study may include genetic factors that influence the high and low semen production detected in LIM, FH, PO, and Aceh bulls (Figure -2). Suyadi et al [30] stated that semen volume, the number of sperm, concentration, and sperm motility affect frozen semen production in bulls. However, abnormal PRM expression will decrease the number, concentration, and motility of sperm [31].…”

The Reproduction Performance in Domestic Animals Controlled by Genetic Mechanism: A Review

“…The semen production increased by increasing the body weight from 260 kg to 784 kg [24,25]. In the tropical country like Indonesia with two main seasons dray and rainy season, Suyadi et al (2020) split the months in the year into four groups, and reported that higher semen production semen of PO cattle was observed higher in the period of Oct -Dec and Apr -Jun than the others [26].…”

The real potential of semen production of Bali Bull: over year observation at Singosari National Artificial Insemination Center (SNAIC), Singosari-Indonesia

“…The range of semen volume ranged from 4.07-8.79 ml. Suyadi et al [16] stated that the semen volume in Bali bulls was constant from 4.7 to 4.9 ml/ejaculate. Semen volume increases with age [14].…”

“…The semen of the Bali bull in this study is included in the criteria for good quality semen because the requirements for good semen are sperm concentrations of more than 500 million/ml [5]. At the same time, the abnormality is higher than Suyadi [16], which is 2.99%. According to Ax et al [5], good spermatozoa abnormality is less than 20%.…”