The Reproduction Performance in Domestic Animals Controlled by Genetic Mechanism: A Review

Abstract

Reproduction in domestic animal is a very complex process. The process starts from gamete formation, release, gamete transport, fertilization, embryo and fetal development until delivery of the offspring by the dam. Reproduction holds the most important role in determining the success of livestock farming, profit or loss. The genetic selection of the reproductive traits became an important program to find out the merit candidate dam and bulls. At early time, the selection for reproduction traits was based on the visually phenotypic performance, and this is maintained for long time until present time. In the next phase, the values of heritability for reproduction traits was chosen as a basis of selection. The molecular aspect used for reproductive mechanism and expression was noted beginning in the 2000s using Polymerase Chain Reaction – Restricted Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP). The newest technique is to explore not only the role of DNA in the programming the reproductive mechanism, but the the expression of gen (nucleic DNA) at the Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) at the outside level of the cell nucleus.
 Keywords: genetic factor, genetic material, SNP, reproduction process

Morphometric features, seminal profile and diluters effect on post-thaw semen quality of Munshiganj cattle in Bangladesh

“…Semen quality can be affected by a wide range of genetic and environmental factors including bull age, collection interval, collection frequency, and season [ [45] , [46] , [47] ]. Regarding semen volume, present findings are in consistent with the findings 4.93 ± 0.15 ml in Munshiganj bull [ 48 ] and 4.88 ± 1.55 to 6.25 ± 1.43 ml/ejaculate in Bali bull in Indonesia [ 49 ]. On the other hand, 5.08–6.00 ml/ejaculation were reported for BLRI cattle breed-1 [ 50 ].…”

“…In the current study, average sperm concentration was found 1510.27 ± 844.07 million/ml which was similar with the findings in Munshiganj bull (1669.60 ± 192.07 million/ml) [ 48 ]and (1796 ± 122.29 million/ml) [ 56 ]. The present study findings was much higher than the report of [ 54 ] (907.39 ± 23.01 million/ml in RCC bull), and (1035.24 ± 279.79 to 1088.12 ± 297.14 million/ml) in Bali bull in Indonesia [ 49 ]. Breed may be the contributing factor for this difference.…”

Detection of MC4R Gene Genotypes and A Relationship SNP13 to Productive and Reproductive Performance in Iraqi Local Goats and Shami Goats

“…And the reason for the lack of significant effects of fertility and pregnancy is according to what was indicated by [45,46] that the reproductive characteristics, which are represented by the percentage of fertility, pregnancy and the number of births, are affected by the age of the goat in addition to genetic and environmental factors. It was pointed out by Kouri et al [47] that the fertility index decreases, and he attributed this to the lack of nutrition necessary for reproductive needs, and thus the fertility index, fertility rate, and pregnancy duration decrease. found a relationship between some variants of this MC4R gene with some reproductive characteristics, including fertility in goats Mishra et al [48].…”

The role of GnRH in Tibetan male sheep and goat reproduction

“…Sheep and goats are regarded as the most productive of all domestic ruminants (Fan-mei et al, 2022). Reproduction affects several qualities of sheep and goat production, and determining reproduction status is critical in reproductive management (Suyadi et al, 2022).…”

“…Sheep and goats are regarded as the most productive of all domestic ruminants (Fan‐mei et al, 2022). Reproduction affects several qualities of sheep and goat production, and determining reproduction status is critical in reproductive management (Suyadi et al, 2022). A high overall reproductive performance is vital for the species' survival, including the production of milk, meat, skin, or fibre and the replacement of breeding stock (Langda et al, 2020).…”