A Study of The Effect of Mass Treatment of Repellent on Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae). Larval populations was carried out during 14-week period at Laladon village Bogor. A total of 3684 respondents were treated and 202 houses were surveyed for house index (HI), container index (CI), and breteau index (BI). The results showed that long-term mass treatments were effective to decrease 64.85% of the HI, 27.15% CI and 13.57% of BI, up to three weeks after the last application of the repellent. Final checks which were done four weeks later resulted HI as low as 13.86%, CI 7.68%, and BI 3.84%, compared to those at the beginning of the survey which were 73.27%, 31.87% and 15.93%, respectively. KEY WORDS: Aedes aegypti, repellent, breteau index, container index, house index PENDAHULUAN Nyamuk Aedes aegypti (L.) Diptera : Culicidae), yang merupakan serangga vektor penyakit demam berdarah dengue (DBD) berkembangbiak pada permukiman manusia. Penyakit DBD sejauh ini menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di kota-kota besar. Penanggulangan dan pencegahannya lebih banyak mengandalkan pada pemutusan rantai penularan melalui pengendalian A. aegypti dan A. albopictus yang keduanya berperan sebagai vektor penular DBD (WHO 2000). Upaya pengendalian nyamuk A. aegypti saat ini yang terpopuler adalah pengasapan dengan menggunakan insektisida dan gerakan 3 M yaitu menutup, menguras dan menimbun lokasi yang dapat menjadi tempat perkembangbiakan larva nyamuk. Bahkan sekarang, upaya tersebut telah berkembang menjadi 3M plus yaitu disertai dengan cara perlindungan diri lainnya yang dapat dilakukan oleh masyarakat seperti penggunaan anti nyamuk bakar, aerosol, repelen dan lainnya. Umumnya repelen adalah insektisida yang dapat mencegah gigitan nyamuk. Berbagai ragam formulasi produk repelen yang ada di

Dengue fever (DF) is a health problem in Indonesia. The spread of DF occurs through mosquito vectors. Vector control is one of important methods in dengue prevention. However, the occurence of insecticide resistance leads the need of new inovation of botanical insecticide, such tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L). The research aimed to know larvicidal effectivity of tobacco extracts against Aedes aegypti larvae, and also analyzed nicotine content of tobacco leaves which collected from three sites: Semarang, Temanggung, and Kendal; used  experimental design and carried out on March-December 2013. Tobacco leaves was extracted with etanol then tested to Aedes aegypti 3rd instar larvae. The results showed that tobacco leaves from Temanggung was the most active as larvicides, then were followed from Semarang and Kendal. The analysis result showed that to reach 90% death from total number of larvae samples (LD90), required tobacco extract of Kendal at concentration 447ppm, Semarang 241 ppm, and Temanggung 212 ppm. Larvicidal effects of tobacco leaves extract was unproportional to the content of nicotine, such as Semarang (4,69%), Temanggung (3,61%), and Kendal (1,85%).

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Kecoa merupakan serangga yang merugikan karena berperan sebagai vektor mekanis. Penularan penyakit dapat terjadi melalui bakteri atau kuman penyakit yang terdapat pada sampah atau sisa makanan. Kuman tersebut terbawa oleh kaki atau bagian tubuh lainnya dari kecoa, kemudian mengontaminasi makanan. Ekstrak etanol akar tuba efektif dalam mengurangi populasi serangga pengganggu, pembunuh ikan di tambak dan mengurangi populasi tikus. Berdasarkan fakta tersebut, perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai efektivitas dari akar tuba membunuh kecoa. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret hingga Oktober tahun 2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan 7 konsentrasi ekstrak yaitu: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, dan 13 g/100 ml. Ekstraksi etanol akar tuba menggunakan metode maserasi. Ketujuh ekstrak diencerkan dengan media air kemudian disemprotkan menggunakan alat sprayer biasa pada seluruh bagian tubuh luar kecoa. Pengamatan dilakukan pada jam ke-1, ke-2, ke-3, ke-4, ke-5, ke-6 dan ke-48. Analisis data menggunakan regresi probit. Hasil analisis menunjukkan ekstrak etanol akar tumbuhan tuba (Derris elliptica (Roxb.) Benth) efektif mematikan Periplaneta americana dengan  LC50  pada konsentrasi 3 mg/100 ml dan LC90 adalah 10,306 mg/100 ml, sedangkan LT50 7 jam  dan LT90 adalah 11 jam. Ekstrak etanol akar tumbuhan tuba (Derris elliptica (Roxb.) Benth) dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu alternatif insektisida alami yang dapat membunuh kecoa P. americana.

Chikungunya is repeatedly affecting Indonesia through successive outbreaks. The Asian genotype has been present in Asia since the late 1950s while the ECSA-IOL (East/Central/South Africa - Indian Ocean Lineage) genotype invaded Asia in 2005. In order to determine the extension of the circulation of the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in Indonesia, mosquitoes were collected in 28 different sites from 12 Indonesian provinces in 2016-2017. The E1 subunit of the CHIKV envelope gene was sequenced while mosquitoes were genotyped using the mitochondrial cox1 (cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1) gene to determine whether a specific population was involved in the vectoring of CHIKV. A total of 37 CHIKV samples were found in 28 Aedes aegypti, 8 Aedes albopictus and 1 Aedes butleri out of 15,362 samples collected and tested. These viruses, like all Indonesian CHIKV since 2000, belonged to a genotype we propose to call the Asian-Pacific genotype. It also comprises the Yap isolates and viruses having emerged in Polynesia, the Caribbean and South America. They differ from the CHIKV of the Asian genotype found earlier in Indonesia indicating a replacement. These results raise the question of the mechanisms behind this fast and massive replacement.

Currently, Aedes aegypti, the principal vector of dengue virus in Indonesia, has spread throughout the archipelago. Aedes albopictus is also present. Invasion and high adaptability of the Aedes mosquitoes to all of these areas are closely related to their ecology and biology. Between June 2016 and July 2017, larval and adult mosquito collections were conducted in 43 locations in 25 provinces of Indonesia using standardized sampling methods for dengue vector surveillance. The samples collected were analyzed for polymorphism and phylogenetic relationship using the mitochondrial cox1 gene and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). Almost all Ae. aegypti samples collected in this study (89%) belonged to the same haplotype. A similar situation is observed with the nuclear ITS2 marker. Populations of Ae. aegypti characterized few years ago were genetically different. A closely related observation was made with Aedes albopictus for which the current populations are different from those described earlier. Ae. aegypti populations were found to be highly homogenous all over Indonesia with all samples belonging to the same maternal lineage. Although difficult to demonstrate formally, there is a possibility of population replacement. Although to a lower extent, a similar conclusion was reached with Ae. albopictus.

Gout Arthritis adalah penyakit akibat kelainan metabolisme asam urat yang tinggi yang disebut hiperurisemia. Prevalensi Gout Arthritis di Indonesia 1,6-13,6 per seribu penduduk. Hiperurisemia disebabkan oleh produksi asam urat yang meningkat dan ekresi asam urat yang rendah. Diet purin adalah salah satu faktor yang menurunkan kadar asam urat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara diet purin dengan kadar asam urat pada penderita Gout Arthritis. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional Study yang dilakukan di Wilayah kerja Puskesmas Surian Kabupaten Solok. Populasi penelitian  adalah seluruh penderita Gout Arthritis di Wilayah kerja Puskesmas Surian Kabupaten Solok dan  sampel didapatkan dengan teknik Accidental Sampling sebanyak 41 responden. Data diolah dengan analisis univariat menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan analisa bivariat menggunakan uji statistik chi square (α=0,05). Hasil penelitian didapatkan lebih dari separuh (61,0%) responden memiliki kadar asam urat yang tinggi, lebih dari separuh (58,5%) responden memiliki diet purin yang tidak patuh. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara diet purin dengan kadar asam urat (p =0,000).

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