One of the limitations to conducting maize Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using explants of immature zygotic embryos routinely is the availability of the explants. To produce immature embryos routinely and continuously requires a well-equipped greenhouse and laborious artificial pollination. To overcome this limitation, an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system using explants of type II embryogenic calli was developed. Once the type II embryogenic calli are produced, they can be subcultured and/or proliferated conveniently. The objectives of this study were to demonstrate a stable Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of maize using explants of type II embryonic calli and to evaluate the efficiency of the protocol in order to develop herbicide-resistant maize. The type II embryogenic calli were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58C1 carrying binary vector pTF102, and then were subsequently cultured on the following media: co-cultivation medium for 1 day, delay medium for 7 days, selection medium for 4 9 14 days, regeneration medium, and finally on germination medium.The T-DNA of the vector carried two cassettes (Ubi promoter-EPSPs ORF-nos and 35S promoter-bar ORFnos). The EPSPs conferred resistance to glyphosate and bar conferred resistance to phosphinothricin. The confirmation of stable transformation and the efficiency of transformation was based on the resistance to phosphinothricin indicated by the growth of putative transgenic calli on selection medium amended with 4 mg l -1 phosphinothricin, northern blot analysis of bar gene, and leaf painting assay for detection of bar gene-based herbicide resistance. Northern blot analysis and leaf painting assay confirmed the expression of bar transgenes in the R 1 generation. The average transformation efficiency was 0.60%. Based on northern blot analysis and leaf painting assay, line 31 was selected as an elite line of maize resistant to herbicide.

Dewi R, Utomo SD, Kamal M, Timotiwu PB, Nurdjanah S. 2019. Genetic and phenotypic diversity, heritability, and correlation between the quantitative characters on 30 sweet potato germplasms in Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 380-386. Local food commodities such as sweet potato is an alternative rice substitute food which has high nutritional content. Estimating the value of genetic diversity, heritability and correlation between quantitative characters with the weight of large storage root per plant, is needed in the selection program for the development of quality sweet potato varieties. The purpose of this study was to find out information about genetic diversity, heritability, and correlation between quantitative characters with the weight of large storage root in 30 local Lampung sweet potato germplasm, introduction and national superior genotypes. The study was carried out in the Politeknik Negeri Lampung experimental garden from September 2017 to January 2018. Using 30 genotypes of sweet potato germplasm. The study was arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) with two replications. The results showed that all characters (weight of large storage root, number of large storage root, storage root length, storage root diameter, vines length, segment length, vines diameter, and weight of vines) had a value of genetic diversity, whereas wide phenotypic diversity and has a high value of heritability. Genetic factors more influence all characters in this study compared to environmental factors. The results of the correlation analysis showed that the characters of the weight of large storage root, storage root length, and storage root diameter were positively correlated with the weight of the storage root. Whereas, the length of vines is negatively correlated with the weight of large storage. The character of the segment length, vines diameter and weight of vines did not correlate with the weight of large storage root. The character of the segment length, vines diameter and weight of vines did not correlate with the weight of large storage root. Cluster analysis results from 30 sweet potato genotypes were grouped into 13 clusters. Based on similarity of character and provenance. The germplasm of 30 Sweet potato genotypes found in Politeknik Negeri Lampung can be selected and crossed to create the desired superior characters.

Abstract. Kartahadimaja J, Utomo SD, Yuliadi E, Salam AK, Warsono, Wahyudi A. 2021. Agronomic characters, genetic and phenotypic diversity coefficients, and heritability of 12 genotypes of rice. Biodiversitas 22: 1091-1097. The achievement of national rice production is always below the target. One of the causes is the low productivity of the varieties grown due to the stagnant genetic capacity of these varieties. The assembly of new lines through breeding is one solution that can increase the genetic capacity of new varieties. Genetic diversity is one of the factors that influence the success of plant breeding. Ten new F9 rice lines were successfully assembled showing various phenotypes. The identification of the specific advantages of each of these new rice lines was based largely on the phenotypic response. The research objective was to identify the genetic advantages of each line through the analysis approach of genetic diversity coefficient (GDC), Phenotific Diversity Coefficient (PDC), and broad-sense heritability. The research was designed on a randomized completely block design (RCBD) with ten new F9 rice lines and two comparison varieties as treatments, repeated three times. The variables observed were plant height, maximum number of tillers, number of productive tillers, flowering time, harvesting time, panicle length, number of grain per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, number of empty grain per panicle, grain length, grain width, grain thickness, and grain yield per hectare. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), if there was a difference between the mean values, it was continued with a 5% LSD test. The results showed that (i) the genotypes tested showed wide genetic and phenotypic diversity, (ii) based on the analysis of GDC, PDC, and broad sense heritability, the appearance of phenotypes of several agronomic characters was controlled by genetic factors.

This experiment was conducted to reveal genetic diversity among 38 genotypes of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) using RAPD markers. The population consisted of 8 genotypes from Australia, 7 from Africa, 10 from America, and 13 from Asia. Genetic similarity was ranging from 17% to 97% , with the average of 57%. UPGMA dendrograms divided the population into three major groups i.e. group 1, 2, and 3 which consisted of 23, 10, and 5 genotypes, respectively. Each major group comprised genotypes of different geographical origins. The dendrogram divided each group into some subgroups. There were 8 subgroups i.e. 4 subgroups in group 1, 2 subgroups in group 2, and 2 subgroups in group 3. Some genotypes of same geographical origin were clustered into in at least 3 different subgroups, meaning that they were genetically dissimilar. On the other hand, some other genotypes of different geographical origin were clustered into the same subgroup, meaning that they were genetically similar. This data would help sugarcane breeders to select parents for hybridization in order to maximize heterosis. This could be conducted by selecting parents of dissimilar genotypes.

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Kacang tanah merupakan tanaman kacang-kacangan yang permintaannya menduduki urutan kedua setelah kedelai. Namun, produktivitas kacang tanah yang dihasilkan Indonesia masih rendah. Salah satu faktor penyebab rendahnya produksi tanaman kacang tanah yaitu keberadaan gulma. Gulma dalam budidaya tanaman kacang tanah memiliki daya saing yang bersifat merugikan bagi pertumbuhan dan produksi kacang tanah. Tingginya penurunan hasil terhadap produksi kacang tanah dapat dipengaruhi oleh jenis dan kerapatan gulma. Penelitian ini disusun untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis gulma terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kacang tanah varietas Hypoma 2, pengaruh kerapatan gulma terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kacang tanah varietas Hypoma 2, dan ada atau tidak adanya interaksi antara jenis dan kerapatan gulma dalam mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan produksi kacang tanah varietas Hypoma 2. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Lampung Selatan dan Laboratorium Gulma Universitas Lampung dari bulan Januari–Mei 2015. Perlakuan ini disusun secara faktorial dalam Rancangan Petak Berjalur (Strip Plot Design) dengan 3 kali ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah tiga jenis gulma yaitu Asystasia gangetica, Cyperus rotundus, dan Rottboellia exaltata dan faktor kedua adalah kerapatan gulma yaitu 0, 10, 20, 40, dan 80 gulma/m 2 . Data dianalisis dengan analisis ragam, bila terdapat perbedaan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis dan kerapatan gulma tidak mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan produksi kacang tanah dan terdapat interaksi antara jenis dan kerapatan gulma dalam mempengaruhi tinggi tanaman kacang tanah, bobot 100 butir kacang tanah, dan bobot polong kering per petak.

Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui keragaman karakter agronomi ubikayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz) klon-klon F1 keturunan tetua betina UJ-3, CMM 25 27, dan Mentik Urang. Genotipe yang dievaluasi meliputi berturut-turut 29, 40, dan 25 klon F1 keturunan tetua betina UJ-3, CMM 25-27, dan Mentik Urang. Klon-klon tersebut ditanam di Kelurahan Gedong Meneng, Kecamatan Rajabasa Kota Bandar Lampung, mulai bulan Juni 2011 sampai Maret 2012. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistika deskriptif untuk mengetahui nilai tengah, ragam, simpangan baku, dan dua kali simpangan baku. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya keragaman warna pada variabel pucuk, tangkai atas, tangkai bawah, batang atas, batang bawah, kulit luar ubi (kecuali keturunan UJ 3), kulit dalam ubi (kecuali keturunan CMM 25-27 dan Mentik Urang), daging ubi (kecuali keturunan CMM 2527), jumlah lobus, dan cabang. Tingkat keragaman tinggi pada jumlah daun, panjang tangkai, panjang daun, tinggi tanaman, panjang ubi, bobot ubi, jumlah ubi (kecuali keturunan CMM 25-27), jumlah akar, bobot total dan indeks panen mengakibatkan seleksi menjadi lebih efektif. Sepuluh klon F1 hasil seleksi yaitu UJ-3-10, UJ-3-25, UJ-3-35, UJ-3-52, UJ-3-54, CMM 25-27-25, CMM 25-27-55, Mentik Urang 7, Mentik Urang 11, dan Mentik Urang 32.