Shade tree is an important variable that determines the productivity and sustainability of coffee plantation. In West Lampung, Indonesia coffee is grown on private land and on state land of Community Forest Program (CFP) using various types of shade trees. The research explored the diversity of shade trees and its influence on the productivity of coffee farms. The study area was one purposively sampled coffee farmer group in Sumberjaya District, West Lampung. We purposively chose one coffee farmer group. The group members' farms located in private land and in CFP land were sampled randomly, each consisted of 18 farms. From each farm, we observed a plot of 50 m x 50 m and interviewed the farmer who managed the farm. Data collected were on the species and the number of trees, farm age, coffee tree densities, and productivity of coffee in the last 3 years. Data analyses of important value, tree species diversity, correlation, and regression were performed. Shade trees found in coffee farms of Sumberjaya were 36 species, 10 species (28%) of them were legume trees. Technical shade trees that have high importance value were Gliricidia sepium and Erythrina subumbrans. Multi Purpose Trees Species (MPTS) widely planted were Durio zibethinus and Parkia speciosa. The wood trees with a high importance value in the CFP coffee farms were Shorea javanica and Michelia champaca while in private coffee farms were Maesopsis eminii and Litsea sp. Based on Shannon's index (H') and Simpson's dominance index (λ), a high diversity of shade tree species was found in CFP coffee farms at age ≥20 years. Shade trees with high dominance index had a positive effect on productivity of coffee and the percentage of MPTS had a negative effect. Whereas, the types of land tenure (private or CFP) and the abundance of shade trees did not affect the productivity of coffee.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap dan menganalisis: (1) pemahaman konseptual matematis siswa dalam pembelajaran dengan pendekatan problem solving, (2) perbedaan pemahaman konseptual matematis antara siswa tingkat kemampuan atas, menengah dan bawah yang memperoleh pembelajaran matematika dengan pendekatan problem solving, (3) disposisi matematis siswa dalam pembelajaran dengan pendekatan problem solving, dan (4) kontribusi pendekatan problem solving terhadap perkembangan kemampuan pemahaman konseptual dan disposisi matematis siswa.Tujuan tersebut dicapai melalui rancangan one group pretest-posttest. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X SMA Harapan di Kabupaten Landak tahun pelajaran 2016/2017 dengan sampel sebanyak 30 orang dari 3 kelas yang diambil secara acak (random sampling). Perolehan data pemahaman konseptual melalui tes dan dianalisis menggunakan uji parametrik sedangkan data disposisi matematis dikumpulkan melalui angket.Berdasarkan hasil analisis disimpulkan bahwa disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran melalui pendekatan problem solving berkontribusi terhadap pemahaman konseptual dan disposisi matematis siswa. Kata Kunci: Pemahaman Konseptual, Disposisi Matematis, Pendekatan Problem Solving
Incidence dynamic of pod rot disease of cocoa clones in Lampung, Indonesia. The declining of production and productivity of cocoa in Indonesia might due to pests and diseases attacks and planting unselected clones. Dynamic of pod rot incidence was important to plan pest controlling. To study dynamic incidence of some cocoa clones, a research was conducting in Pesawaran District, a centre of cocoa production in Lampung. A farmer cocoa plot under agro-forestry system was selected which had been upgrading in 2014 by pruning and side-grafting with national clones including Sul 1, MCC 1, MCC 2, ICCRI 7 and selected local clone named T1, T2, and T3. The results showed that pod rot incidence occurred along the year of observation. For immature pod, pod rot incidence was dynamic and varied among observerd months and clones. There was high pod rot incidence every months for particular clone. National clone Sul1 and local clone T3 exhibited more tolerant to pod rot disease than other clones. Clones Sul1 and T3 also produced more pod than others. High incidence of pod rot occurred on fruit stage of cherelle (incidence 38.7%) and small pod (incidence 18.8%) that well known as cherelle wilt symptom. ABSTRAKKeterjadian penyakit busuk buah kakao pada klon kakao di Lampung, Indonesia. Penurunan produksi dan produktivitas kakao Indonesia antara lain disebabkan oleh serangan hama dan penyakit serta penanaman bibit nonklonal asalan. Dinamika keterjadian penyakit busuk buah penting untuk perencanaan pengendalian. Untuk mempelajari dinamika keterjadian busuk buah pada beberapa klon kakao, dilakukan observasi pada plot kebun kakao di Kabupaten Pesawaran yang merupakan sentra produksi kakao di Lampung. Plot tersebut merupakan sistem kakao agroforest yang telah direhabilitasi pada tahun 2014 dengan cara dipangkas dan disambung samping menggunakan klon nasional Sul 1, MCC 1, MCC 2, ICCRI 7 dan klon lokal T1, T2, dan T3. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa keterjadian busuk buah ditemukan sepanjang tahun. Pada buah yang belum matang, keterjadian busuk buah bersifat dinamis bergantung dari bulan pengamatan dan klon dimana setiap bulan selalu terdapat keterjadian busuk buah yang tinggi pada klon tertentu. Klon nasional Sul1 dan klon lokal T3 menunjukkan lebih toleran terhadap penyakit busuk buah dan menghasilkan lebih banyak buah daripada klon lainnya. Keterjadian busuk buah yang tinggi ditemukan pada fase buah sangat kecil (cherelle) dengan keterjadian 38,7% dan buah kecil dengan keterjadian 18,8% yang dikenal dengan gejala Cherelle wilt.Kata kunci: busuk buah, cherelle, kakao, keterjadian, klon lokal, toleran
Coffee husk is the main waste of coffee bean production using a dry processing system. Coffee husk is returned to the coffee plantation as mulch, or used as a mixture for nursery media and for making bio-charcoal. This study aims to determine the effect of the formulation of biochar, coffee husk, and soil on the growth of Arabica coffee seedlings. The experiment used a randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 6 treatments with 4 replications. The treatments were the composition of the ratio of biochar: coffee husk: soil (v / v / v), namely: 0: 1: 2 (control, without biochar), 1: 1: 2, 1: 0: 2 (without coffee skin), 2: 1: 2, 1: 2: 2, and 1: 1: 1. The coffee husk biochar is made by a slow burning system in a stack. The results showed that: (1) The treatment of biochar composition, coffee husk and soil had an effect on the number of leaves, length x leaf width, crown dry weight, fresh weight quality index, and dry weight quality index; (2) biochar mixing treatment did not increase seedling growth. Mixing biochar with a composition of 1: 1: 2 reduces root growth; (3) the composition of biochar, coffee husk and soil 1: 1: 2 gave better seedling growth than the composition 0: 1: 2 (control without biochar) based on the quality index of fresh seedling and dry seedling.Keywords: Arabica, biochar, coffee husk, growth, seedling, quality indeces
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