Shade tree is an important variable that determines the productivity and sustainability of coffee plantation. In West Lampung, Indonesia coffee is grown on private land and on state land of Community Forest Program (CFP) using various types of shade trees. The research explored the diversity of shade trees and its influence on the productivity of coffee farms. The study area was one purposively sampled coffee farmer group in Sumberjaya District, West Lampung. We purposively chose one coffee farmer group. The group members' farms located in private land and in CFP land were sampled randomly, each consisted of 18 farms. From each farm, we observed a plot of 50 m x 50 m and interviewed the farmer who managed the farm. Data collected were on the species and the number of trees, farm age, coffee tree densities, and productivity of coffee in the last 3 years. Data analyses of important value, tree species diversity, correlation, and regression were performed. Shade trees found in coffee farms of Sumberjaya were 36 species, 10 species (28%) of them were legume trees. Technical shade trees that have high importance value were Gliricidia sepium and Erythrina subumbrans. Multi Purpose Trees Species (MPTS) widely planted were Durio zibethinus and Parkia speciosa. The wood trees with a high importance value in the CFP coffee farms were Shorea javanica and Michelia champaca while in private coffee farms were Maesopsis eminii and Litsea sp. Based on Shannon's index (H') and Simpson's dominance index (λ), a high diversity of shade tree species was found in CFP coffee farms at age ≥20 years. Shade trees with high dominance index had a positive effect on productivity of coffee and the percentage of MPTS had a negative effect. Whereas, the types of land tenure (private or CFP) and the abundance of shade trees did not affect the productivity of coffee.
Traditional field crop systems are practiced in both shifting cultivation systems and settled cultivation system. Traditional upland cropping systems play an important role in the production and food security of farmers. Transformation of the settled cultivation systems and plantations from the system of collecting forest products and shifting cultivation in Indonesia is discussed in this review. Futhermore we discuss ethno-agronomy of several traditional staple crop including sago, sweet potato, yam, taro, foxtail millet, and Coix lacryma-jobi.Keywords: Coix lacryma-jobi, foxtail millet, sago, sweet potato, yam, taro, shifting cultivation
Tanaman kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas yang terus dikembangkan di Indonesia, namun produksinya masih rendah disebabkan pengolahan tanah dan pemupukan yang kurang baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian campuran urin sapi dan limbah cair tahu terbaik bagi pertumbuhan bibit kakao. Rancangan percobaan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Kelompok Teracak Sempurna dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah urin sapi, terdiri dari 4 taraf, yaitu 0, 40, 80, 120 ml/kg tanah. Faktor kedua adalah limbah cair tahu, terdiri dari 4 taraf, yaitu 0, 80, 160, 240 ml/kg tanah. Setiap perlakuan diulang 3 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian urin sapi dan limbah cair tahu berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kakao. Pemberian urin sapi 80 ml/kg tanah yang diaplikasikan dengan limbah cair tahu 80 ml/kg tanah menunjukkan rata-rata tertinggi untuk variabel tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun. Pemberian urin sapi 40 ml/kg tanah yang diaplikasikan dengan limbah cair tahu 80 ml/kg tanah menunjukkan rata-rata tertinggi untuk variabel diameter batang, bobot segar tanaman dan bobot kering tanaman.
West Lampung Regency still survives as the central area of coffee production in Lampung Province while production of other districts so far are declining. This research aims to study the ethno-agronomy of coffee cultivation in West Lampung which is tolerant to rainfall variability. This research was a survey located in Sumberjaya District and Sekincau District, West Lampung Regency, Lampung Province, Indonesia year 20182019 which from each subdistrict two villages was selected purposively and from each village one farmer group was chosen. Primary data were collected through interview, Focused Group Discussion (FGD), and observation of coffee farm. Secondary data were obtained from the BPS Lampung and rainfall data from Radin Intan Climate Station. The results showed that the area of coffee plantations in West Lampung in the last decade has decreased by 0,64% per year but productivity has increased by 1,42% per year, and in West Lampung, which is a mountainous region, the number of rainy days was negatively correlated with coffee yield while the number of dry months was positively correlated. Whereas in North Lampung, which is a medium elevation area, coffee productivity correlated with sufficient rainfall and productivity was negatively correlated with the number of dry months of the previous year. Coffee farmers in West Lampung have perception the need for various adaptation measures of coffee farm maintenance, which grafting adult coffee tree with superior local robusta clones is a typical ethno-agronomy practiced by coffee farmers in West Lampung to obtain high coffee yield.
Agronomy examines complex agricultural production concepts such as Sustainable Agriculture, Good Agricultural Practices, Regenerative Agriculture into the best practical technologies that farmers can apply. Important agronomic variables in agricultural cultivation include production and productivity. Plant productivity is influenced by many interacting factors. This paper aims to examine the symptoms of decreased productivity and symptoms of degenerative agriculture. The decline in production and productivity that continues in the long term indicates a degenerative agro-ecosystem. Degenerative agriculture is an agricultural practice that causes productivity to continue to decline as a result of a decrease in the carrying capacity of agro-ecosystems, including soil, plants and other flora, fauna, microbes, climate and society. The decrease in the carrying capacity of the soil is shown, among others, by land degradation, a decrease in soil organism diversity and activity, declining of organic matter content and the availability of nutrients in the soil due to nutrient depletion transported by harvest, erosion and inappropriate cultivation practices. In addition, it will discuss the factors driving the degenerative agroecosystem that interact with each other. These factors include land degradation, decreased biodiversity, continuous planting of varieties and species of plants, use of chemical inputs, pest and disease attacks, and climate change. Mitigating these factors means choosing a path to regenerative agriculture. Key words : Agroecosystem, biodiversity, degenerative, sustainable, regenerative, productivity
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