PENDAHULUANKopi merupakan salah satu komoditas andalan perkebunan di Lampung dan mempunyai peranan sebagai penghasil devisa negara, sumber pendapatan, penyedia lapangan kerja, dan mendorong perkembangan agribisnis dan agroindustri. Kabupaten Lampung Barat merupakan sentra produksi kopi di provinsi Lampung. Areal perkebunan kopi di kabupaten ini adalah 60.488,35 ha atau 35,57 persen dari total areal di provinsi Lampung dengan produksi sebesar 38.422,6 ton dan produktivitasnya adalah 0,6352 ton/ha (Badan Pusat Statistik Lampung Barat, 2008).Di Lampung Barat selain di tanah marga,
Agronomy examines complex agricultural production concepts such as Sustainable Agriculture, Good Agricultural Practices, Regenerative Agriculture into the best practical technologies that farmers can apply. Important agronomic variables in agricultural cultivation include production and productivity. Plant productivity is influenced by many interacting factors. This paper aims to examine the symptoms of decreased productivity and symptoms of degenerative agriculture. The decline in production and productivity that continues in the long term indicates a degenerative agro-ecosystem. Degenerative agriculture is an agricultural practice that causes productivity to continue to decline as a result of a decrease in the carrying capacity of agro-ecosystems, including soil, plants and other flora, fauna, microbes, climate and society. The decrease in the carrying capacity of the soil is shown, among others, by land degradation, a decrease in soil organism diversity and activity, declining of organic matter content and the availability of nutrients in the soil due to nutrient depletion transported by harvest, erosion and inappropriate cultivation practices. In addition, it will discuss the factors driving the degenerative agroecosystem that interact with each other. These factors include land degradation, decreased biodiversity, continuous planting of varieties and species of plants, use of chemical inputs, pest and disease attacks, and climate change. Mitigating these factors means choosing a path to regenerative agriculture. Key words : Agroecosystem, biodiversity, degenerative, sustainable, regenerative, productivity
West Lampung Regency still survives as the central area of coffee production in Lampung Province while production of other districts so far are declining. This research aims to study the ethno-agronomy of coffee cultivation in West Lampung which is tolerant to rainfall variability. This research was a survey located in Sumberjaya District and Sekincau District, West Lampung Regency, Lampung Province, Indonesia year 20182019 which from each subdistrict two villages was selected purposively and from each village one farmer group was chosen. Primary data were collected through interview, Focused Group Discussion (FGD), and observation of coffee farm. Secondary data were obtained from the BPS Lampung and rainfall data from Radin Intan Climate Station. The results showed that the area of coffee plantations in West Lampung in the last decade has decreased by 0,64% per year but productivity has increased by 1,42% per year, and in West Lampung, which is a mountainous region, the number of rainy days was negatively correlated with coffee yield while the number of dry months was positively correlated. Whereas in North Lampung, which is a medium elevation area, coffee productivity correlated with sufficient rainfall and productivity was negatively correlated with the number of dry months of the previous year. Coffee farmers in West Lampung have perception the need for various adaptation measures of coffee farm maintenance, which grafting adult coffee tree with superior local robusta clones is a typical ethno-agronomy practiced by coffee farmers in West Lampung to obtain high coffee yield.
Variabilitas iklim seperti musim kering, defisit air, dan “dry spell” sangat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan hasil kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari keragaan agronomi tanaman kelapa sawit akibat kekeringan periodik khususnya pada periode 2011-2015 di perkebunan swasta di Lampung yang mengelola 4900 ha kebun sawit. Pengamatan dilakukan pada Juni-September 2016 (setahun setelah kemarau panjang 2015) untuk mengumpulkan data agronomi dari pohon sawit yang dipilih secara random dari blok kebun yang ditentukan secara purposif mewakili tanaman sawit muda (umur 3-8 tahun), remaja (umur 9-13 tahun), dewasa (umur 14-20 tahun), dan tua (umur 21-24 tahun). Data sekunder produksi dan iklim dari perusahaan dan Stasiun Pengamatan Iklim Radin Intan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa perkebunan kelapa sawit di Lampung menghadapi kekeringan periodik yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan produksi. Pada periode 2011-2015 ada 3-5 bulan kering dengan defisit air 190 mm (stadium I), 285-359 mm (stadium II) dan 406 mm (stadium III), dengan dry spell maksimum mencapai 45-51 hari (kategori kekeringan sangat panjang) sampai 126 (kategori kekeringan ekstrim). Keragaan agronomi ditunjukkan oleh rendahnya tegakan pohon per hektar (SPH) dengan model penurunan SPH tertinggi y = -2,8649x + 150,99 (nilai R2 = 0,89, x = umur kelapa sawit). Kebun kelapa sawit tua memiliki SPH yang rendah. Setahun setelah kemarau pohon tua yang memiliki lebih banyak pelepah patah dan lebih sedikit bunga betina yang mengindikasikan pengaruh kekeringan yang berat. Produksi tandan tidak berbeda nyata antar kategori umur kelapa sawit.
Lampung Province is the center of Robusta coffee production with an area of 2018 reaching 157.6 thousand hectares while Arabica coffee which has been programmed in 1998 by planting area reached 1.9 thousand hectares did not develop successfully even disappearing. Liberica coffee is commonly grown as a rootstock. This research aims to study the ethno-agronomy of various grafting coffees in Lampung, both Robusta- Liberica and Arabica-Robusta. This research was carried out using Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method with the farmer groups and the observation of coffee plantations in the field belonging to group members in each farmer group selected purposively in each district namely Sekincau Sub-district of West Lampung, Sumberejo Sub-district of Tanggamus, and Way Ratai Sub-district of Pesawaran, in May-October 2019. The results showed that farmers developed a various of intraspecific coffee grafting (Robusta/Robusta) using a variety of superior local clones and interspecific grafting (Robusta/Liberica and Arabica/Robusta) with specific agronomy practices such as cloning, planting, pruning, fertilizing, applying pesticide, soil conserving, and being non-resident farmers as creations, local wisdom and adaptation of farmers to site-specific conditions. Keywords : Clone, ethno-agronomy, fertilizing, interspesific grafting, local wisdom, rainfall
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