This research aimed to study effects of IBA, NAA and their combination on rooting and shoot sprouting in Malay apple cuttings. Cuttings from superior genotype were collected and treated with (in ppm w/w): 0, 2000 IBA, 4000 IBA, 2000 NAA, 4000 NAA, 1000 IBA+1000 NAA, 2000 IBA+2000 NAA. To record the timing and percentage of rooting, cuttings were treated with (in ppm w/w) 1000 IBA+1000 NAA or without auxin as control. The results revealed that application of auxin was significantly enhanced root formation as shown by the significant increases in rooting percentage and number of roots. NAA at 2000 or 4000 ppm was the most effective auxin to promote root formation (100 %, 17.8-25.5 roots per cuttings), followed by NAA+IBA (100 %, 16.8-9.8 roots per cuttings) and the least effective was IBA alone (79-100 %, 3.2-7.1 roots per cutting). The best treatment for rooting and shoot sprouting were (in ppm) 1000 IBA+1000 NAA, since it produced higher root length, better root morphology and higher shoot sprouting. It was also found that a combination of IBA+NAA each at 1000 ppm not only enhanced root percentage, but also shortened the time for root formation.

Abstract. Aeny TN, Suharjo R, Ginting C, Hapsoro D, Niswati A. 2020. Characterization and host range assessment of Dickey zeae associated with pineapple soft rot disease in East Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 587-595. The study aims to characterize the Dickeya zeae associated with pineapple soft rot in East Lampung, Indonesia and to assess the bacterial host range. From the blister-like lesion-symptom, bacteria were isolated with the morphological characteristics: circular, convex, cream white milk-colored, with diameter colonies ranging from 1-2 mm in diameter. Two strains (N-Unila 5 and N-Unila 10) were selected for further investigation including pathogenicity test on pineapple seedling, species identification by phenotypic characteristics and molecular techniques using sequence analysis of 16SrDNA, recA, and dnaX as well as host range test on 25 different plant species. The result of the pathogenicity test showed similar symptoms to those observed in the field. Physiological and biochemical characterization revealed that the two isolates were Gram-negative bacteria, fermentative, lecithinase positive, non-fluorescent on King’s B medium, able to grow on YDC medium at 41oC, did not produce H2S and did not grow in the presence of 5% NaCl. The isolates capable of using Myo-inositol, M-tartrate, mannitol, L-tartrate, lactose, glycerol, D-melibiose, D-arabinose, citrate, and cis-aconitic acid but did not utilize starch, S-ketoglucanate, L-ascorbic acid, inulin, folic acid, D-raffinose and tartrate as a sole carbon source. Phenotypic characteristics indicated that the strains were in the group of Dickeya spp. bv. 3 (phenon 1). Sequence analysis of 16S rDNA, recA, and dnaX revealed that the strains were placed in the same cluster with the reference strain of D. zeae. Host range assessment showed positive soft rot symptoms in Aloe vera, chinese cabbage, dragon-fruit, eggplant, lettuce, and welsh onion that have never been reported before.

Ramadiana S, Hapsoro D, Yusnita Y. 2018. Morphological variation among fifteen superior robusta coffee clones inLampung Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1475-1481. This study aimed to characterize morphological variation among fifteensuperior robusta coffee clones in Lampung Province. The fifteen clones consisted of four clones released by the Indonesian Coffee andCocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), i.e. ‘BP 409’,‘BP936’, ‘BP939’, ‘SA 237’, together with eleven superior coffee clones selected byfarmers from Tanggamus District (‘Tugino’, ‘Wanto’, ‘Biyadi’, ‘Komari’, ‘Wardi’, ‘Wariso’) and from West Lampung District (‘TuguKuning’, ‘Tugu Hijau', ‘Tugu Biru', ‘Tugu Sari', ‘Lengkong'). Fifteen qualitative and seven quantitative morphological characters wereevaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replicates for each clone,each replication consisted of two plants. Fromeach plant, four samples were taken from four sides of the plant (north, south, west, and east). It was found that while somemorphological characters exhibited negligible variation among clones, there were significant differences between clones for othercharacters. The characters that did not differ significantly between clones were: shapes of leaf base and leaf tip; petiole color; leafvenation pattern; fruit disk shape; ripe-fruit color; and stipule shape. The characters that varied between clones were shape of leaf lamina(elliptical vs. lanceolate); fruit shape (round vs. oval); and shape of leaf margins. Morphological variation was also observed in somequantitative characters: canopy diameter; tree height; stem diameter; leaf length; leaf width; petiole length; stipule length; and number ofprimary branches.

The aim of this study was to observe responses of two banana cultivars 'Ambon' and 'Raja Bulu' on different BA concentrations and effects of different media and fertilizer on survival and growth of plantlets. Sterilized explants were cultured on initiation medium (MS with 1mg L -1 BA) for 4 weeks, then subjected to media MS with 2.5, 5.0, or 7.5 mg L -1 BA. Numbers of shoot buds, shoots and propagules were recorded after 4 consecutive passages with 4 weeks intervals. Rooted plantlets were acclimatized in three different media, then treated with or without NPK (32:10:10) fertilizer solution once a week. After 2 months, the survival and growth of plantlets were recorded. Cultures of banana 'Ambon Kuning' showed higher regenerative capacity compared to 'Raja Bulu', producing higher numbers of shoot buds, shoots and propagules. The best medium for propagule proliferation of both banana cultivars was MS+5 mg L -1 BA, producing 40.7 propagules for 'Ambon Kuning', and 12.3 propagules for 'Raja Bulu' per explant. In all acclimatization media tested, 100% of plantlet survival was achieved. The best plantlet growth was found in sand: compost (1:1,v/v) with application of NPK solutions. The in vitro-derived plants were planted in the field and produced fruits of high quality.

This experiment was conducted to reveal genetic diversity among 38 genotypes of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) using RAPD markers. The population consisted of 8 genotypes from Australia, 7 from Africa, 10 from America, and 13 from Asia. Genetic similarity was ranging from 17% to 97% , with the average of 57%. UPGMA dendrograms divided the population into three major groups i.e. group 1, 2, and 3 which consisted of 23, 10, and 5 genotypes, respectively. Each major group comprised genotypes of different geographical origins. The dendrogram divided each group into some subgroups. There were 8 subgroups i.e. 4 subgroups in group 1, 2 subgroups in group 2, and 2 subgroups in group 3. Some genotypes of same geographical origin were clustered into in at least 3 different subgroups, meaning that they were genetically dissimilar. On the other hand, some other genotypes of different geographical origin were clustered into the same subgroup, meaning that they were genetically similar. This data would help sugarcane breeders to select parents for hybridization in order to maximize heterosis. This could be conducted by selecting parents of dissimilar genotypes.

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Abstract. Hapsoro D, Hamiranti R, Yusnita Y. 2020. In vitro somatic embryogenesis of superior clones of robusta coffee from Lampung, Indonesia: Effect of genotypes and callus induction media. Biodiversitas 21: 3811-3817. This study aimed to investigate the effects of genotypes and primary callus induction media on somatic embryogenesis of superior robusta coffee clones of Lampung. Leaf explants of clones Tugusari, Komari, Tugino, and Wanto were cultured on two types of primary callus induction media (PCIM). PCIM1 consisted of half-strength MS salts, 30 gL-1 sucrose, added with (mgL-1) 0.1 thiamine-HCl, 0.5 nicotinic acids, 0.5 pyridoxine-HCl, 100 Myo-inositol, 200 ascorbic acids, 150 citric acids, and 1 benzyl adenine. PCIM2 consisted of NPCM salts, 30 gL-1 sucrose, added with (mgL-1) 15 thiamine-HCl, 1 nicotinic acid, 1 pyridoxine-HCl, 2 glycines, 130 Myo-inositol, 200 ascorbic acids, 150 citric acids, 1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 2 thidiazuron. The highest percentage (100%) of primary callus formation was found in Komari and Wanto clones. PCIM2 resulted in more primary calli than PCIM1. When subcultured to embryogenic callus induction medium, primary calli of clone Komari and Wanto developed into a high percentage of embryogenic calli, while those of the other two turned brown and died. PCIM2-derived primary calli developed into more embryogenic calli. When subcultured on somatic embryo (SE) regeneration medium, these calli underwent the formation of SE of various stages. When subcultured to plant regeneration medium, these SEs developed into plantlets.

Transgene Identity and Number of Integration Sites and Their Correlation with Resistance To PStV in Transgenic Peanuts Carrying Peanut Stripe Virus (PStV) Coat Protein Gene. This research aimed to determine (1) the identity and copy number of PStV cp gene in transgenic peanut plants carrying PStV cp gene and (2) correlation between the identity and the number of integration sites and resistance to PStV infection.  One T0 transgenic peanut was selfed up to five generations. T2, T3, and T5 plants were mechanically inoculated with PStV. Samples of T5 plants derived from several different T4 plants were subjected to Southern analysis to confirm the integration of PStV cp gene and to determine its identity and copy number. The Southern analysis showed three bands of different size, i.e. 1.1 kb, 1.3 kb, and 5.8 kb. Most of the lines of T5 generation have one insertion site, suggesting that the three insertion sites were located in different loci. Based on the phenotypic data, the transgenes of 1.1 kb and 1.3 kb were functional, resulting in resistant or recovery phenotype, while that of 5.8 kb was not functional. Copy number apparently had no effects on the phenotypes.