Healthcare delivery system is an arrangement that serves best to any country's population with effective, efficient and fair distributions of resources, and funds through organized infrastructure to thrive well. Better health improves country's labor force and ultimately raises human welfare and economic stability. This healthy labor force and productive human capital resources can be attained through structured healthcare facilities by the government for its people. Globally, health sectors varies from country to country and it depends on how much expenditures on health is been effectively utilized. In majority of the developing countries, private healthcare sectors, donor, and out of pocket expenditures are the primary contributors in health care services that may raise human capital and economic growth of the country. Whereas, public health sectors remains underprivileged due to structural fragmentation, lack of resources, and functional inabilities. This paper is mainly going to discuss about health care delivery system of Pakistan in comparison to China followed by organizational structure, analysis of both the healthcare systems, and some recommendations to improve healthcare reform and its utilization.

Introduction: Nurses are the “backbone” of any human services framework and their work is varied and extremely complicated. When carrying out their jobs, nurses faces different circumstances and patients, which are elements of the circumstances and patient level workloads. In addition, higher amount of nurse’s dissatisfaction prompts to leave out from the nursing profession. This generally creates staff shortage among nurses. Due to  enhances extra time and job stress, increases burnout, longer patient holding up records, lastly, as an outcome expanded displeasure among patients Leadership is the way toward impacting representatives to accomplish organizational goals and objectives Methods: This analytical, cross-case study was conducted in public hospital of Lahore. Respondents ’selection was convenient sampling technique. Selected sample was 211 registered nurses. Well adopted questionnaire as per Likert scale was used in this study. Results: The finding of this study showed that caregivers prefer transformational styles of leaders to achieve optimal presentation of nurses. The results showed that there is statistically significance as p-value < 0.05 at all level of job satisfaction.Conclusions: A transformative leadership style promotes job satisfaction among nurses, which improves performance. Nurses job performance increased proportionally by increasing job satisfaction. In the current health system, it is necessary to develop leadership behaviors that have proven to be effective in the implementation of positive and adaptive behaviors among nurses. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 5, Issue-3: 201-208

Introduction: This study aims to provide more insight on the ideas of whether the supportive leadership is able to influence employees' decision making and how leaders enhance their work group effectiveness as well as encourage work group member retention that will strengthen bottom-line performance. A sample of 161 respondents was chosen through convenience sampling technique. The data were collected from employees working in the tertiary care hospital. Methodology: The data collection tools will be used for this project are Supervisory Support Scale (SSS) and demographic variables developed by Mc Gilton in 2010.Demographic variable: Demographic variable involves Age, Gender, Experience, Qualification, and Department. Supervisory Support Scale (SSS): The 15-items likert scale will be used to collect data from nurses who are working in critical care unit. The nurses will require indicating their opinions by circle from 1=Never, 2=Seldom, 3=occasionally, 4=Often, 5=Always (McGilton, 2010). Dependent tool: A clinical decisionmaking questionnaire with a scale of 27 items was used to collect data. Clinical decision making scale: A clinical decision-making scale of 27 items will used to assess the frequency of decision-making. Each item had a four-point likert scale (1 = Never: 2= rarely; 3 = Sometimes; 4= Always) (Austin, 2010). Results: Pearson Correlation analysis and Multiple Linear Regression analysis were used to test the hypotheses. The results revealed employees' working performance was positively influenced by directive, supportive, participative and achievement-oriented leadership styles. Results: positive linear correlation between Supervisory Support Scale and Nurses decisions at clinical area and the p=.155. Conclusion: Majority of the nurses in critical care units are females and most lie in the age bracket of23 to 40 years. More than half of the nurses in critical care units have professional qualifications of diploma in general nursing and above and majority is appointed at registered nurse levels. There is moderate decision-making among nurses and that acquiring CVP readings, collecting bronchial cultures and conducting history taking & performing physical examination scored the highest as the decisions most commonly made and performed.

Nursing profession is full of hazards. Health care worker faced all kind of hazards including biological, non-biological hazards, physical environmental, electrical, chemical hazards. A health care professional are at risk of these hazards. Among physical hazards back pain is more common. WHO provide a modal in 2010 for healthy work place. There are four avenues of this modal are: The physical work environment 2. The psychosocial work environment 3. Personal health resources in the workplace 4. Enterprise community involvement. There are many reasons for these hazards like Poor work organization, lack of awareness and competency of dealing with the equipment, heavy work load, lack of proper rest, poor diet, strict manager. Sufficient literature review is given for these hazards and their managements. In this study we discuss what are common hazards that are faced by health care worker and how they control.

An accreditation plan can improve an organizational facilities and services regarding patient care and provides quality improvement skills. In my case scenario, I conceptualized an idea about accreditation of private well-established health care setting. The Kurt Lewin's theory insights a framework of change at the accreditation level, which will be achieved by the application of the transformational leadership style. Transformational leadership style works as guider, motivator, collaborative and bind with sustain the change management mission. The accreditation requires an international standard of practices and high quality of patient care in an organization. The accreditation requirement is fulfilled in the context of organizational cultural and environmental values, beliefs and delivery of services. In the case scenario presented an idea by the reflection on its organizational change. The private health care organization had accreditation capabilities. All essential and standardized equipment and performing procedural guidelines and following protocols. Kurt Lewin's theory give directions to such these kind of organizations in the context of change at the level of accreditation.

Roy' adaptation model helps to adapt healthy behaviors in diseases which are impossible to cure. According to this model, care should be aimed in enhancing adaptive capabilities and increasing the coping response of individuals to deal with stressor. Roy's adaptation model is widely used due to its simplicity and accessibility for improving quality of life. Roy 'adaptation model is important to promote individuals' adaptation in changing health care demands, thus improving adjustment, quality of life and dying with dignity Roy' adaptation model based care plan is a non-invasive non medicated and cost efficient way to limit physical and psychological issues of patients with chronic diseases. Purpose of this paper is to evaluate different articles which used Roy adaptation model for care of chronic illnesses. Nine different studies are included in this paper to evaluate the efficacy of Roy adaptation model.

This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License IJNC.MS.ID.000543.Pressure ulcer is confined impairment to the underlying tissues or skin above bony notorieties resulting from continued pressure [2]. Pressure ulcer start from mild reddening of skin to the damage of tissues and infection spread to muscles and bone [3]. Elbow, hip, back of head, heels, toes, shoulders, knees and thighs are body areas which are commonly predispose to pressure ulcer [4]. Pressure ulcer is a common community health problem. High mortality rate among immobilized patients is because of pressure ulcer [5]. It was one of the health care harm which lengthen the hospital stay and increase twenty percent of the total cost for the health care treatment [6]. In intensive care units more than 6000000 patients suffered from pressure ulcer, cost of 6 million patients treatment was 2.17 billion dollars. Moreover, pressure ulcer can harm to patients like pain, expensive treatment, Elongated hospitalization [7], physical and emotional problem, adverse social and psychosomatic impression lead to premature mortality [8].The incidence of pressure ulcer among immobilized patients is not clear to determine because there are several epidemiological studies with different methodologies which present different prevalence and incidence rate [9]. However, international rate of PU in UK is 4.5%-25.2%, in Spain is 2.9%-8.34%, in England is 14.8% and in USA is 19.1% [10]. Repositioning has long been vital constituent

Patient wellbeing has become a health policy need the world wide. Recognizing that 'to blunder is human' has prompted endeavors to plan frameworks and decides that point of confinement the limit with respect to singular prudence and subsequently diminish clinical mistakes. Surgical colleague's practices have significance with respect to the nature of care among the patient whose experience any of surgery. Shockingly it is seen that the surgical group didn't rehearse well and furthermore didn't pursue the standards, for example, legitimate scouring, wearing careful gloves and blended utilization of sterile and unsterile instruments. So in the lieu of these malrehearses nature of care may bargain and furthermore significant reason for careful site disease? In results the dismalness and death rate may increment. The objective of asepsis and aseptic method is to avoid the exchange of microorganisms into the careful injury. Counteracting careful site tainting requires the endeavors of all prepared careful colleagues to utilize their insight and involvement with aseptic practices to give their patients ideal care bringing about positive careful results. Then again to switch the careful group towards the appropriate practices, it is have to give legitimate assets (place, person and money), preparing for surgical group and furthermore diminish the outstanding task at hand.