Effects of Body Repositioning in Immobilized Patients to Prevent Pressure Ulcer in Intensive Care Units at Public Hospital, Pakistan

Abstract

This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License IJNC.MS.ID.000543.Pressure ulcer is confined impairment to the underlying tissues or skin above bony notorieties resulting from continued pressure [2]. Pressure ulcer start from mild reddening of skin to the damage of tissues and infection spread to muscles and bone [3]. Elbow, hip, back of head, heels, toes, shoulders, knees and thighs are body areas which are commonly predispose to pressure ulcer [4]. Pressure ulcer is a common community health problem. High mortality rate among immobilized patients is because of pressure ulcer [5]. It was one of the health care harm which lengthen the hospital stay and increase twenty percent of the total cost for the health care treatment [6]. In intensive care units more than 6000000 patients suffered from pressure ulcer, cost of 6 million patients treatment was 2.17 billion dollars. Moreover, pressure ulcer can harm to patients like pain, expensive treatment, Elongated hospitalization [7], physical and emotional problem, adverse social and psychosomatic impression lead to premature mortality [8].The incidence of pressure ulcer among immobilized patients is not clear to determine because there are several epidemiological studies with different methodologies which present different prevalence and incidence rate [9]. However, international rate of PU in UK is 4.5%-25.2%, in Spain is 2.9%-8.34%, in England is 14.8% and in USA is 19.1% [10]. Repositioning has long been vital constituent

Effect of Implementing Care Bundle on Preventing Pressure Ulcers Development among Immobilized Orthopedic Patients

“…Pressure ulcers are common health problems amongst immobilized patients that extend to their period of hospitalization. Pressure ulcers start from mild reddening of skin to the damage of tissues and infection spread to muscles and bone, elbow, hip, back of head, heels, toes, shoulders, knees and thighs are body areas which are commonly predisposed to pressure ulcers development (Caldini et al, 2017;Mitchell, 2018;Nasira et al, 2020;& Payne, 2020).…”