Rumput benggala merupakan tanaman pakan ternak (TPT) yang banyak digunakan oleh peternak di Indonesia. Pengembangan budidaya TPT, selalu diarahkan pada lahan sub optimal. Salah satu lahan suboptimal yang luas keberadaannya adalah lahan kering masam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat karakter morfologi dan produktivitas kultivar rumput benggala di tanah masam. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Balai Penelitian Ternak Ciawi, menggunakan 3 kultivar rumput benggala (kultivar Petrie, Gatton dan Natsuyutaka). Kultivar tersebut ditanam di 2 jenis tanah yaitu tanah masam dan tidak masam pada pot berdiameter 40 cm. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap, dengan 10 ulangan. Peubah yang diamati adalah karakter morfologi, umur berbunga, produksi biji dan produksi hijauan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa karakter morfologi seperti panjang dan, panjang ruas, diameter batang, panjang kuntum bunga lebih dipengaruhi oleh kultivar jika dibandingkan jenis tanah. Sedangkan produktivitas rumput lebih dipengaruhi jenis tanah, produktivitas tanaman menurun pada tanah masam jika dibandingkan di tanah tidak masam. Semua kultivar rumput benggala yang diuji produktivitasnya menurun pada tanah masam, menunjukkan bahwa ketiga kultivar yang diuji tidak toleran pada lahan masam. Sehingga perlu dilakukan kegiatan pemuliaan untuk memperoleh rumput benggala toleran masam. Kata kunci: produksi, suboptimal, tanaman pakan
Supplementation of fermentable carbohydrate in crop by product-based diet is expected to improve the fermentability and reduced methane production. The study evaluated supplementation of various fermentable carbohydrate in sorghum straw-gliricidia mixture basal diet. Sorghum straw-gliricidia mixture was supplemented either with ground corn grain, rice bran or sorghum grain at 10% of DM basal diet. Treatment diets evaluated were: Sorghum + gliricidia leaf meal (Control); Control + 10% ground corn grain (Corn grain); Control + 10% rice bran (Rice bran); Control + 10% sorghum grain (Sorghum). Sorghum straw was chopped and ground then mixed with gliricidia leaf meal at ratio 60:40% DM. The sample was incubated for 48 hours, gas production was recorded at 4, 8,12, 16, 24, 36 and 48 hours. Rumen fluid for medium incubation was collected from sheep fed elephant grass basal diet. Supplementation of rice bran lowered (P<0.05) gas production from insoluble fraction of the diet compared to maize. Rice bran and sorghum decreased gas production at 48 h incubation compared to control (P<0.05). Sorghum supplementation decreased CH4 production. It can be concluded that fermentable carbohydrate supplementation from sorghum grain to sorghum straw-gliricidia mixture reduced percentage of methane production.
Dairy cattle need high nutrient contents in their ration, especially in the first lactation period. Farmer prefers to feed the cattle with cheap andlow quality concentrate to decrease the feed cost. This condition leads to low milk production. This research aimed to observe the effect of substitution of legume which contains high protein to improve the cheap low-quality concentrate. This research uses twenty-four dairy cattle (8.5 months-pregnancy; average body weight (BW) 359.29±35.63Kg), which were randomly divided into 3 groups of dietary treatments. The treatment were Concentrate I (100% concentrate); Concentrate II (85% Concentrate+15% Gliricidia sepium); Concentrate III (Concentrate 85% + 15% Arachis pintoi). The observation was done during 16 weeks of feeding trial. The parameters observed were feed intake and digestibility, milk production, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Milk production measured during 3 months-lactation periods. The result shows that concentrate substitution by using 15% Gliricidia sepium or Arachis pintoi didn’t affect feed intake (11.017-11.388kg DM/head/day), digestibility (56.70-58.32%), FCR(1.138-1.214 kg DM/L), and total milk production in first 3 months-lactation period (859.07-887.59 L/head). This research concludes concentrate can be replaced up to 15% by Gliricidia sp or Arachis Pintoi to improve quality without affect livestock performs, but decrease feed cost.
Multiplication of alfalfa through in vitro culture is an alternative technique to conventional one to solve the problem on forage without seed production. An experiment was done to obtain the best culture media for shoot induction and multiplication of alfalfa. This research was conducted at the tissue culture in BB Biogen laboratory. The seed of alfalfa was used which was cultured on MS media and seeds were then transferred on seven sterilization treatment BA 0.5 mg/l + GA (0.1; 0.5; and 1.0 mg/l) media germination. Shoot multiplication of alfalfa were eight treatment on growth were MS + BA (0.0; 0.5; and 1.0 mg/l) with combination with thidiazuron (TDZ) (0.0; 3.0; and 5.0 mg/l). Results showed that conducted the highest number of shoot multiplication of alfalfa was obtained on the media containing BA 0.5 mg/l and TDZ 3.0 mg/l (9.6 shoots and shoot length was observed at average 14.6 mm and a number of leaf 17). Induction and multiplication the shoot was an important early stages to multiply the seed of alfalfa in in vitro culture.
Phosphorus availability in soil as a mobile mineral influences forage growth. The purpose of doing this research is to enhance the soil phosphorus availability and grass production of Panicum maximum cv Riversdale by intercropping system with legums. The experiment was conducted based on with randomized design with five treatments of mixcropping of: (i) Gliricidia sepium + P. maximum; (ii) Calliandra calothyrsus + P. maximum; (iii) Leucaena leucocephala cv Taramba + P. maximum; (iv) Calopogonium mucunoides + P. maximum; (v) P. maximum as negative control. Plants were grown in pots with split-root technique using partition with a whole to allow some legume roots grew in the grass side. After growing for three months, on the legume areas 32P isotop solution was injected for 50 ml (11.23 μci/ml). After 21 days incubation samples were collected from both soil areas and both plants. The translocation of 32P was determined using geiger counter from legumes into the grass and the concentration of 32P was also determined in all plants. Forage productions was determined both in the legumes and grass. Result showed that soil phosphorus concentration in the grass area was significantly improved by intercropping with G. sepium and C. callothyrsus, while the one with L. leucocephala was similar, and the one with C. mucunoides was significantly lower than that of negative control (without legume). Detection of 32P showed that there was P translocation in the system. P. maximum grass production depending on kind of legumes (P<0.05) those with G. sepium was significantly higher, L. leucocephala and C. callothyrsus were not significantly higher, while the one with C. mucunoides was 26.2% lower from the control although not significantly. However, C. mucunoides produced the highest forage from the legume plant. It is concluded that grass-legume intercropping had a positive impact on phosphorus soil concentration in the grass area and grass production. Kind of legumes influenced the effectivity.
The objective of this study was to determine the adaptability of some herbaceous legumes grown on the soil as source of forage in post tin mining areas. The forage legumes tested were Arachis pintoi, Clitoria ternatea, Stylosanthes guiyanensis, Centrosema pascuorum cv Bundey and Lab-lab purpureus. The experiment was designed for a randomized block of five treatments and three replications. The plants were grown in plots of 5 m x 4 m with planting distance 0.5 m x 0.5 m. Plants have been pruned every 2 months at forage production. Parameter measures the production, quality and capacity of forage. Analysis of forage nutrition and digestibility in the laboratory of dry matter and organic matter. The growth rate for transplantation of three legumes A. pintoi, C. ternatea and S. guiyanensis, was 100%. The highest total forage for one year was S. guiyanensis 514.29 kg plot−1 with a carrying capacity of 12.33 AU (animal unit) and 74.02% dry matter digestibility and 73.96% organic matter. This study indicated that three (3) species C. ternatea, S. guiyanensis and A. pintoi showed an average high-life ability of up to 100%. In general, the type of legume selected in this study showed good adaptability.
Benggala grass is one of the forages everyday use by farmer livestock, it’s usually cultivated at suboptimal land. Acid dry land has the potential for forage development. The study aimed to determine the tolerance of Benggala grass (Panicum maximum cv Riversdale) in acid soils. The study was conducted in the greenhouse of the Research Institute of Animal Production, using a completely randomized design, ten replication for ten months. The study used acid (pH 4.5 and Al+3 0.27 cmol kg−1 ) and non-acid soils (pH 7.1). The seeds were planted in pots (40 cm in diameter and 30 cm height). The observed variables were morphological characters, productivity and reproduction. The results showed that the stem and internode diameters, internode lengths and plant height in non-acid soil were higher (P <0.05) than in the acid soil. The fresh and dry shoot weights, number of tillers, fresh and dry shoot weights, and seed weight in acid soils were lower (P <0.05). The times of booting, flowering started and length in the acidic soil was longer (P <0.05). The study concluded that the Riversdale cultivar did not exhibit tolerance on acid soil; therefore, further research is required to improve its tolerance to acid soils.
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