The aim of this study was to determine the effect of butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin (BTPC) supplementation on plasma metabolites and milk production in postpartum dairy cows. A total of fifty-two Holstein cows were randomly assigned to receive either: (1) 10 ml of saline (NaCl 0.9%, control group); (2) 1000 mg of butaphosphan and 0.5 mg of cyanocobalamin (BTPC1 group); and (3) 2000 mg of butaphosphan and 1.0 mg of cyanocobalamin (BTPC2 group). All cows received injections every 5 days from calving to 20 days in milk (DIM). Blood samples were collected every 15 days from calving until 75 DIM to determine serum concentration of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), b-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), cholesterol, urea, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), aminotransferase aspartate (AST) and g-glutamyltransferase (GGT). The body condition score (BCS) and milk production were evaluated from calving until 90 DIM. Increasing doses of BTPC caused a linear reduction in plasma concentrations of NEFA and cholesterol. Supplementation of BTPC also reduced concentrations of BHB but it did not differ between the two treatment doses. Milk yield and milk protein had a linear increase with increasing doses of BTPC. A quadratic effect was detected for milk fat and total milk solids according to treatment dose, and BTPC1 had the lowest mean values. Concentrations of glucose, urea, P, Mg, AST, GGT, milk lactose and BCS were not affected by treatment. These results indicate that injections of BTPC during the early postpartum period can reduce NEFA and BHB concentrations and increase milk production in Holstein cows.Keywords: butaphosphan, cyanocobalamin, postpartum dairy cows, non-esterified fatty acid ImplicationsThis study presents a new metaphylactic strategy aimed to reduce the intensity of negative energy balance (NEB) in postpartum dairy cows. Unlike previous studies, the current protocol consists of five injections of cyanocobalamin and butaphosphan at 5 days interval during the first 20 days in milk (DIM), the period of greatest metabolic challenge for dairy cows. The results of this experiment indicate that this protocol can improve metabolic adaptation in the early postpartum period, by reducing adipose tissue mobilization and increasing milk production.

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The aim of study was to evaluate whether butafosfan, associated or not with cyanocobalamin, alters the metabolic profile, hemogasometrics and acute phase proteins in recent postpartum dairy cows. Twenty-five cows (n ¼ 25) were selected for study and divided into three groups: Butafosfan (BUT, n ¼ 9); Butafosfan þ Cyanocobalamin (BUTC, n ¼ 9); and Control (CTL, n ¼ 7). Treatments were applied daily from calving until 5 days postpartum. Blood samples for hemogasometry were performed on days 0, 1, 2 and 3, and for other metabolites on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 28 postpartum. Blood pH was lower in the BUT and BUTC groups than in the CTL group (p ¼ .03) and carbon dioxide pressure was higher in the BUT and BUTC groups compared to CTL (p ¼ .01). In addition, ionised calcium levels were higher in the BUT and BUTC groups (p ¼ .0003) in comparison to CTL, whereas the BUT group had higher levels. The BUT group had the lowest levels of paraoxonase (p ¼ .03). On the other hand, glucose levels tended to be highest in the BUT group (p ¼ .08). The butafosfan with or without cyanocobalamin increased ionised calcium levels and tended to stabilise blood pH in the early post-partum cows, and butafosfan without cyanocobalamin tended to increase blood glucose levels. HIGHLIGHTS Treated animals increase serum ionised calcium; Treated animals have a reduction in blood pH; Butafosfan tends to increase the glucose concentration.

Butaphosphan is an organic phosphorus compound used in several species for the prevention of rapid catabolic states, however, the mechanism of action remains unclear. This study aimed at determining the effects of butaphosphan on energy metabolism of mice receiving a normal or hypercaloric diet (HCD) and submitted or not to food restriction. Two experiments were conducted: (1) during nine weeks, animals were fed with HCD (n = 28) ad libitum, and at the 10th week, were submitted to food restriction and received butaphosphan (n = 14) or saline injections (n = 14) (twice a day, for seven days) and; (2) during nine weeks, animals were fed with a control diet (n = 14) or HCD (n = 14) ad libitum, and at the 10th week, all animals were submitted to food restriction and received butaphosphan or saline injections (twice a day, for seven days). In food restriction, butaphosphan preserved epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) mass, increased glucose, NEFA, and the HOMA index. In mice fed HCD and submitted to food restriction, the butaphosphan preserved epididymal WAT mass. Control diet influences on PI3K, GCK, and Irs1 mRNA expression. In conclusion, butaphosphan increased blood glucose and reduced fat mobilization in overweight mice submitted to caloric restriction, and these effects are influenced by diet.

RESUMOCompararam-se as concentrações de cálcio, glicose e insulina em ovelhas gestantes e não gestantes submetidas ao teste de tolerância à glicose (TTG). Oito ovelhas gestantes (GG) e oito não gestantes (NG) foram submetidas ao TTG por meio da administração endovenosa de uma solução de glicose, na dose de 500mg/kg de peso vivo. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas nos tempos de -15, zero, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 minutos, sendo zero min o momento da infusão, para avaliação da concentração sanguínea de glicose, cálcio e insulina. Foi avaliada a taxa de metabolização de glicose e insulina, por meio do cálculo da área sob a curva (ASC). As concentrações de glicose, cálcio, insulina e a ASC da insulina não diferiram entre os grupos (P>0,05), entretanto as três últimas ASCs da glicose foram mais elevados nas gestantes (P<0,05), que correspondem ao período entre 90 e 180min. O teste de correlação de Pearson revelou correlação negativa entre concentração de cálcio e insulina nas gestantes (P<0,05). Estes resultados indicam menor taxa de metabolização de glicose em ovelhas gestantes e uma possível relação de cálcio e insulina no terço final de gestação.Palavras-chave: gestação, ovelha, teste de tolerância, glicose, insulina on -15, 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes interval (0 mininjection condição induz a adaptações no metabolismo da gestante, levando à maior ingestão calórica e ao aumento da resposta secretória de insulina (Brelje et al., 1993). Nesse período, cerca de 35% da glicose circulante da gestante são direcionadas para atender à demanda energética da unidade feto-placentária, sustentada pela redução progressiva e reversível da sensibilidade ABSTRACT

O objetivo, com este estudo, foi investigar as conseqüências da hipomagnesemia subclínica sobre parâmetros metabólicos de vacas leiteiras. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de 12 animais, a cada dois dias, entre os dias 22 pré e 22 pós-parto, para a realização de análises sanguíneas e determinação do perfil metabólico. Os animais foram categorizados de acordo com os níveis séricos de magnésio: Grupo Hipomagnesêmicas (n=5), com níveis abaixo de 1,8 mg/dL em ao menos dois dias consecutivos, e o Grupo Controle (n=7), com níveis acima de 1,8 mg/dL em todo o período. O grupo hipomagnesêmicas apresentou níveis de glucagon maiores nos dias 10, 18 e 20, e a taxa Glucagon/Insulina foi maior nos dias 6, 8, 10, 12 e 16 após o parto. As concentrações de aspartato amino transferase foram maiores no grupo hipomagnesêmicas nos dias 0, 6, 8, 10, 12 e 14 pós-parto. Os resultados indicaram que níveis reduzidos de magnésio no periparto podem estar relacionados com níveis elevados de aspartato amino transferase e de glucagon. Em geral, a hipomagnesemia subclínica não altera os níveis dos indicadores do metabolismo energético, mas os resultados demonstraram que as vacas com hipomagnesemia apresentaram maior taxa de glucagon/insulina, demonstrando um maior desafio para manter os níveis glicêmicos.