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Sequential serum samples from 13 homosexual men who seroconverted for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were tested for HIV antigen. In one of these men, who developed the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), HIV antigenaemia preceded the onset of AIDS by more than a year and persisted throughout the course of the disease. This antigenaemia was accompanied by the disappearance of IgG antibody reactivity to the major HIV core protein p24. In none of the 12 others, who all remained without serious disease, were serum concentrations of HIV antigen detected, except on one occasion in one man. All their serum samples showed strong IgG antibody reactivity to p24.Nine children who were infected with HIV in 1981 by plasma transfusion from a single donor were also followed up for HIV

Conclusions-HPV infection was found to be a multicentric genital andlor anorectal event both in women and men. The oral presence of HPV DNA was detected only once in one of the participants. In women persistent HPV infection was more common than in men. Independent predictors for presence of HPV DNA in women were diagnosis of condylomata acuminata, reporting genital dermatologic abnormalties and age. Incidence of HPV infection in women turned out to be 47*1 infections per 100 person-years and for men 50.5 per 100 person-years. (Genitourin Med 1994;70:240-246) Introduction Over the last decade knowledge about the epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been expanding, but many controversial questions remain to be answered. Which anatomical sites are harbouring the latent or occult papillomavirus infections both in men and women?' What is the natural history of HPV infection and what is the subsequent risk of invasive cancer?2 To answer some of these questions we performed a longitudinal study among heterosexual men and women with multiple sexual partners to assess the prevalence, incidence and potential risk factors of genital HPV infections. In addition, we wanted to investigate the existence of latent and subclinical infection and to identify the niches of HPV.

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Longitudinal IgG recognition patterns of viral proteins were studied in 15 men who had seroconverted for lymphadenopathy associated virus/human T lymphotropic virus (LAV/HTLV-II). Antibodies to the major viral core protein p24, which is a cleavage product ofthe gag gene encoded precursorprotein pr55, appeared first. These were soon followed by antibodies to pr65 and more gradually by antibodies to the other gag gene encoded cleavage product p18, the env gene encoded transmembrane glycoprotein gp4l, the env gene encoded glycoproteins gp65 and gpllO, and the putative pol gene product p33.In 13 subjects who remained healthy the reactivity to the differept proteins increased or stabilised with time, while in two men who developed acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIIDS) the reactivity, most noticeably to gag encoded proteins, diminished before or at the-onset of symptoms.

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The presence of HSV-2 antibodies had a strong association with past sexual behaviour and, for both sexes, with receptive anal intercourse. HSV-2 antibodies may be used as a surrogate marker of sexual risk behaviour in comparing different populations over time.

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