Risk of AIDS related complex and AIDS in homosexual men with persistent HIV antigenaemia.

Wolf, Frank de; Goudsmit, Jaap; Paul, Deborah A.; Lange, Joep M. A.; Hooijkaas, C.; Schellekens, PeterTh.A.; Coutinho, R. A.; Noordaa, J. van der

doi:10.1136/bmj.295.6598.569

Cited by 132 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Studies by Liu et al (26,27) suggest that a reduction in circulating FeLV antigenemia may be associated with a reversal of hypocomplementemia and a return of endogenous IFN and virus-specific neutralizing antibody production to normal levels, leading to the eventual reversal of viremia. In HIV-induced immunodeficiency disease in humans, a positive response to IFN-a treatment has been correlated with the level of pretreatment antigenemia (13), while progression to clinical AIDS is 20-fold greater in males who are seropositive and antigenemic (12). Likewise, reductions in the levels of circulating p24 induced by IFN-a have been associated with a resurgence in circulating CD4+ cells and an antitumor response to HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma (10,23).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Alpha interferon (2b) in combination with zidovudine for the treatment of presymptomatic feline leukemia virus-induced immunodeficiency syndrome

Zeidner

Myles

Mathiason-DuBard

et al. 1990

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The therapeutic efficacies of human recombinant alpha interferon (IFN-alpha), IFN-alpha plus zidovudine (AZT), and AZT alone were evaluated in presymptomatic cats with established feline leukemia virus (FeLV)-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (FAIDS) infection and high levels of persistent antigenemia. Subcutaneous injection of 1.6 x 10(6) U of human recombinant IFN-alpha 2b per kg delivered peak concentrations in plasma of 3,600 U/ml at 2 h postadministration with a half-life of elimination of 2.9 h. This dosage of IFN-alpha could be delivered to cats for up to 12 weeks without significant clinical toxicity. Oral administration of AZT (20 mg/kg three times daily) resulted in peak concentrations in plasma of 3 micrograms/ml at 2 h with a half-life of elimination of approximately 1.60 h. Treatment of FeLV-FAIDS-infected cats with IFN-alpha, either alone or in combination with orally administered AZT, resulted in significant decreases in circulating p27 core antigen beginning 2 weeks after the initiation of therapy. AZT alone had no effect on circulating virus antigen. Depending upon whether high (1.6 x 10(6) U/kg)- or low (1.6 x 10(4) to 1.6 x 10(5) U/kg)-dosage IFN-alpha was used, cats became refractory to therapy 3 or 7 weeks after the beginning of treatment. At these times, IFN-alpha-treated animals developed antibodies to IFN-alpha that were neutralizing, specific for human recombinant IFN-alpha, and dose dependent in magnitude. The results of this study indicate that human recombinant IFN-alpha is effective in reducing circulating virus antigenic load in cats persistently infected with FeLV-FAIDS. However, the continued efficacy of IFN-alpha therapy appeared to be limited by the formation of cytokine-specific neutralizing antibodies.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The cats included in this study were monitored weekly for circulating p27 and were persistently viremic for at least 12 weeks prior to the start of treatment. The relative effectiveness of IFN-a alone (10 U/kg), IFN-a at the same dosage in combination with AZT, or AZT alone is compared in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha interferon (2b) in combination with zidovudine for the treatment of presymptomatic feline leukemia virus-induced immunodeficiency syndrome

Zeidner

Myles

Mathiason-DuBard

et al. 1990

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This set consisted of biologically cloned viral isolates (from four men who have sex with men) collected in the Amsterdam Cohort Study (ACS) (12) and obtained over multiple timepoints before, during, and after an observed coreceptor usage switch (61). Virus was sampled every 3 months for between 4 and 6 years after seroconversion.…”

Section: Pssmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Coreceptor Usage Prediction and GenotypicMonitoring of R5-to-X4 Transition by Motif Analysis of HumanImmunodeficiency Virus Type 1 env V3 LoopSequences

Jensen

Wout

et al. 2003

J Virol

389

423

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Early in infection, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) generally uses the CCR5 chemokine receptor (along with CD4) for cellular entry. In many HIV-1-infected individuals, viral genotypic changes arise that allow the virus to use CXCR4 (either in addition to CCR5 or alone) as an entry coreceptor. This switch has been associated with an acceleration of both CD3؉ T-cell decline and progression to AIDS. While it is well known that the V3 loop of gp120 largely determines coreceptor usage and that positively charged residues in V3 play an important role, the process of genetic change in V3 leading to altered coreceptor usage is not well understood. Further, the methods for biological phenotyping of virus for research or clinical purposes are laborious, depend on sample availability, and present biosafety concerns, so reliable methods for sequencebased "virtual phenotyping" are desirable. We introduce a simple bioinformatic method of scoring V3 amino acid sequences that reliably predicts CXCR4 usage (sensitivity, 84%; specificity, 96%). This score (as determined on the basis of position-specific scoring matrices [PSSM]) can be interpreted as revealing a propensity to use CXCR4 as follows: known R5 viruses had low scores, R5X4 viruses had intermediate scores, and X4 viruses had high scores. Application of the PSSM scoring method to reconstructed virus phylogenies of 11 longitudinally sampled individuals revealed that the development of X4 viruses was generally gradual and involved the accumulation of multiple amino acid changes in V3. We found that X4 viruses were lost in two ways: by the dying off of an established X4 lineage or by mutation back to low-scoring V3 loops.Early studies of the biological properties of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) found that virus isolates could be placed into as few as two phenotypic categories (defined in vitro as either non-syncytium-inducing [NSI] or syncytium-inducing [SI]) in certain CD4 ϩ T-cell lines. These phenotypes were often found to be associated with differences in growth properties and cytopathicity on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) (1,14,46) and in cellular host range (3,48). Ultimately, the difference between the NSI and SI phenotypes was shown to be due largely to the differential use of chemokine receptors as coreceptors for viral entry: NSI viruses predominantly use CCR5, while SI viruses can use CCR5 and CXCR4 or CXCR4 exclusively (2, 29, 31, 52, 54). Results determined on the basis of SI phenotype and/or coreceptor usage typing showed that although HIV-1 present at primary infections used the CCR5 coreceptor (R5 virus) ϳ90% of the time (63, 67, 68), a substantial proportion of individuals eventually developed virus that used the CXCR4 coreceptor (X4 virus). These X4/SI viruses are associated with accelerated CD4 decline and more rapid progression of HIV-1 disease (8,28,33,43,47). Little is known about the mechanisms by which these viruses come to predominate among the HIV-1 strains present in an infected person. For example, it is no...

show abstract

“…HIV Antigen as a Predictive Marker A strong correlation has been established between the onset of antigenemia and the progression of disease after seroconversion (2,19,24,29,30,38,42,45,47,50,53,61). This suggests the use of HIV antigen EIA as a prognostic index in assessing disease progression.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Hiv Infection In Infantsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The HIV antigen assay can also be used to monitor the efficacy of antiviral drug therapy (14,19,35,59). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigen detection for human immunodeficiency virus

et al. 1989

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The recent development of enzyme immunoassay procedures for the direct determination of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigens has been of significant benefit in both clinical and research applications. The historical development of HIV antigen assays as well as their current and future applications for use in the clinical microbiology laboratory are reviewed. A detailed description of selected commercially available assays is presented, and a comparison is made of various parameters, including sensitivity, specificity, and cost. The use of the HIV antigen assay as an alternative to the reverse transcriptase assay in virus culture applications is also discussed. In addition, the diagnostic and prognostic utility of the HIV antigen assay is considered for various patient groups, including neonatal, high-risk asymptomatic, seronegative, and seropositive patient populations. The use of the HIV antigen assay as an adjunct to anti-HIV antibody testing, as well as its utility in assessing the therapeutic efficacy of antiviral drug therapy, is discussed. The biology of HIV antigen expression and modulation of anti-HIV antibody titers during infection are also discussed in terms of two possible models.

show abstract

Risk of AIDS related complex and AIDS in homosexual men with persistent HIV antigenaemia.

Cited by 132 publications

References 18 publications

Alpha interferon (2b) in combination with zidovudine for the treatment of presymptomatic feline leukemia virus-induced immunodeficiency syndrome

Alpha interferon (2b) in combination with zidovudine for the treatment of presymptomatic feline leukemia virus-induced immunodeficiency syndrome

Improved Coreceptor Usage Prediction and GenotypicMonitoring of R5-to-X4 Transition by Motif Analysis of HumanImmunodeficiency Virus Type 1 env V3 LoopSequences

Antigen detection for human immunodeficiency virus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About