ABSTRAK:Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan IPTEK bagi masyarakat dengan memberikan informasi mengenai kualitas ikan asap yang diproses menggunakan smoking cabinet dan tungku tradisional. Penggunaan smoking cabinet dan tungku tradisional diharapkan dapat menjadi alternatif metode pengasapan yang ramah lingkungan, tidak menimbulkan bahaya karsinogen, serta menghasilkan kualitas ikan asap yang baik. Dalam penelitian ini, menggunakan jenis ikan lele (Clarias batrachus) (L) dan patin (Pangasius pangasius) (P) karena banyak dijumpai di Indonesia dan sering diolah menjadi ikan asap. Sampel ikan diasapi menggunakan smoking cabinet (LSC dan PSC) dan tungku tradisional (LTr dan PTr), kemudian dilakukan analisa mengenai kualitas ikan asap meliputi organoleptik, analisa proksimat (kadar protein, lemak, air, dan abu), pH, kandungan Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) terutama Benzo (α) Pyrene (BαP), senyawa karbonil meliputi phenol, asam organik, dan formaldehid. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan pola faktorial 2x2x2, meliputi perbedaan metode pengasapan dan jenis ikan dengan dua kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan metode pengasapan dan jenis ikan memberikan perbedaan sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap nilai proksimat (kadar protein, lemak, air, abu). Kandungan phenol, formaldehid, dan asam organik yang lebih tinggi adalah menggunakan tungku. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua metode pengasapan dan jenis ikan tersebut dapat diterapkan untuk pengolahan pengasapan ikan meskipun terdapat kecenderungan karakteristik yang spesifik pada produk yang dihasilkan dalam hal kenampakan, bau, tekstur dan rasa. Keywords: metode pengasapan, organoleptik, proksimat, pH, kualitas ikan PENDAHULUAN Kualitas ikan asap merupakan gambaran karakteristik dari produk tersebut yang mempengaruhi akseptabilitas konsumen. Di Indonesia, pengasapan ikan sebagian besar masih bersifat tradisional, belum mempertimbangkan faktor kesehatan dan keamanan pangan. Disamping itu pengasapan tradisional seringkali memberikan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan, serta timbul kekhawatiran kkonsumen terhadap senyawa karsinogenik dan polusi udara, namun kenyataannya hasil produk tetap digemari oleh masyarakat.Umumnya, masyarakat pengolah tergolong masyarakat dengan pengetahuan yang kurang, sehingga peralatan pengasapan tidak dilengkapi dengan cerobong asap karena mahalnya biaya pembuatannya, pengasapan menggunakan alat yang sederhana kurang praktis dan tidak produktif. Sehingga perlu dikembangkan teknologi pengasapan yang semi modern dan masyarakat mudah menggunakannya. Pemanfaatan smoking cabinet sebagai alternatif metode pengasapan yang ramah lingkungan sudah saatnya diterapkan di Indonesia.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas dan kandungan senyawa Benzo (α) Pyrene pada ikan lele dan patin yang diproses menjadi ikan asap menggunakan smoking cabinet dan tungku tradisional. MATERI DAN METODE MateriPenelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan ikan Lele berukuran panjang ±20cm, dengan berat rata--rata ±250g dan ikan patin ber...
This study aimed to evaluate the potential antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Sinulariasp. and Sarcophyton sp. from the Palu Bay, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Soft corals were identified as Sinulariasp. (SC1), Sinularia sp. (SC2), andSarcophytonsp. (SC3). Antibacterial activity was examined using agar diffusion well method. Antioxidant activity was measured by the DPPH radical scavenging method. The samples were macerated in MeOH: DCM. The crude extracts were partitioned with DCM, EtOAc, and BuOH. The crude extract of Sinulariasp. (SC2) showed a very strong antibacterial activity as it was able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureusand Escherichia coliup to 10 mg/mL. Sinularia sp. (SC1) crude extract showed strong activity againstS. aureus, whereas it showed moderate against E. coli.Sarcophyton sp. (SC3) crude extract showed moderate activity against S. aureus, whereas it showed weak against E. coli. The partition fractions of the three soft coral extracts had the potential to be a potent antioxidant agent.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan IPTEK bagi masyarakat dengan memberikan informasi mengenai kualitas ikan asap yang diproses menggunakan smoking cabinet dan tungku tradisional. Penggunaan smoking cabinet dan tungku tradisional diharapkan dapat menjadi alternatif metode pengasapan yang ramah lingkungan, tidak menimbulkan bahaya karsinogen, serta menghasilkan kualitas ikan asap yang baik. Dalam penelitian ini, menggunakan jenis ikan lele (Clarias batrachus) (L) dan patin (Pangasius pangasius) (P) karena banyak dijumpai di Indonesia dan sering diolah menjadi ikan asap. Sampel ikan diasapi menggunakan smoking cabinet (LSC dan PSC) dan tungku tradisional (LTr dan PTr), kemudian dilakukan analisa mengenai kualitas ikan asap meliputi organoleptik, analisa proksimat (kadar protein, lemak, air, dan abu), pH, kandungan Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) terutama Benzo (α) Pyrene (BαP), senyawa karbonil meliputi phenol, asam organik, dan formaldehid. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan pola faktorial 2x2x2, meliputi perbedaan metode pengasapan dan jenis ikan dengan dua kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan metode pengasapan dan jenis ikan memberikan perbedaan sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap nilai proksimat (kadar protein, lemak, air, abu). Kandungan phenol, formaldehid, dan asam organik yang lebih tinggi adalah menggunakan tungku. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua metode pengasapan dan jenis ikan tersebut dapat diterapkan untuk pengolahan pengasapan ikan meskipun terdapat kecenderungan karakteristik yang spesifik pada produk yang dihasilkan dalam hal kenampakan, bau, tekstur dan rasa.
Bruguiera gymnorrhiza is one of the mangrove species that a source of antioxidants. Antioxidant substances are able to protect cells from oxidative stress and other related diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical profiles, predicted biological activity, and antioxidant activity of the B. gymnoriza fruit extracts. The research methods included sampling, extraction (maceration with MeOH:DCM), identification of chemical profiles (GCMS spectra analysis), assaying for computational analysis (PASS server and ADMET), antioxidants (DPPH radical scavenging), and total phenolic content (FolinCiocalteu). Bruguiera gymnorrhiza fruits was collected from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The chemical profiles detected in the B. gymnorrhiza fruit extracts, namely isopimaradiene (64.20%); 4-(2-Aminopropyl) phenol (19.06%); dimethylaminodimethylphosphene oxide (9.40%); 3-amino-2-benzylbutanoic acid (5.46%); and 1,4- dideuteriooctane (1.89%). PASS server analysis showed that the five compounds detected from B. gymnorrhiza fruit have the potential as an NF-E2-related factor (Nrf2) stimulant and oxygen scavenger. The ADMET analysis results indicated that B. gymnorrhiza fruits could be developed as folk medicine and nutraceutical products.
ABSTRAKBioaktif antioksidan merupakan substansi yang penting bagi kesehatan manusia. Karang lunak telah diketahui memproduksi bioaktif dengan keragaman struktur dan aktivitas biologi, termasuk memproduksi bioaktif antioksidan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan bioprospeksi karang lunak dari perairan Teluk Palu sebagai penghasil antioksidan. Penelitian meliputi pengambilan sampel, identifikasi, ekstraksi (maserasi) karang lunak, skrining konstituen kimia, pengujian aktivitas antioksidan (penangkapan radikal DPPH), dan penentuan IC 50 . Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di Teluk Palu, pesisir desa Kabonga Besar, Kabupaten Donggala, Sulawesi Tengah. Berdasarkan bentuk koloni monomorfik, tujuh sampel karang lunak yang digunakan pada penelitian ini termasuk dalam genus Sinularia, Dampia dan Sarcophyton. Analisis konstituen kimia mengindikasikan adanya senyawa saponin, fenolik, triterpenoid, dan alkaloid. Hasil pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH, menunjukkan ekstrak kasar karang lunak menunjukkan persentase inhibisi radikal DPPH yang lemah. Hasil pengujian aktivitas antioksidan (metode DPPH) dari fraksi hasil partisi tujuh ekstrak kasar karang lunak berpotensi sebagai antioksidan dengan kategori kuat sampai lemah. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak karang lunak asal Teluk Palu berpotensi sebagai sumber antioksidan. Karang lunak di pesisir Desa Kabonga Besar didominasi oleh genus Sinularia. ABSTRACTThe antioxidants substances are important for human health. Soft corals have been known to produce compounds with a variety of structural and biological activities, including bioactive antioxidants. The aim of this research was to obtain information of soft coral bioprospection from Palu Bay as an antioxidant. The research included sampling, identification, extraction (maceration) of soft corals, screening of chemical constituents, antioxidant activity assay (DPPH's radical scavenger), and determination of IC 50 . Soft coral samples were collected from Palu Bay, coastal village of Kabonga Besar, Donggala District, Central Sulawesi. Based on the shape of the monomorphic colony, seven soft coral samples that were used in this study belong to the genus Sinularia, Dampia and Sarcophyton. Analysis of chemical constituents indicated the presence of saponin compounds, phenolics, triterpenoids, and alkaloids. The results of the antioxidant activity by DPPH method showed that soft coral crude extracts have a weak percentage of DPPH's radical inhibition, while the results of the fraction had potential to be antioxidants with strong to weak categories. From the results of this study, it concluded that the soft coral extracts from Palu Bay have the potential as a source of antioxidants. The genus Sinularia dominates soft coral on the coast of Kabonga Besar Village.
Background and Aim: The soft coral genus Sarcophyton is a source of cembraneterpen. Sarcophyton is reported to have anti-inflammatory properties, with the ability to reduce the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and inhibit nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of soft coral Sarcophyton spp. to inhibit the expression of NF-κB and iNOS induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Materials and Methods: Crude extracts of Sarcophyton spp. were macerated with DCM (1:3 v/v) for 24 h. Thirty-six Balb/c mice were divided into six treatment groups, namely, normal control (without LPS induction), negative control (LPS induction 4 mg/mL), comparative control (LPS+Dexamethasone 6 mg/kg), and 3 concentration groups extract (LPS+50, 125, and 250 mg/kg). The expression of NF-κB and iNOS was measured in each treatment group. Results: Flow cytometry analysis showed that the relative number of NF-κB+ cells increased (18.38±1.24%) in LPS-induced mice compared with normal mice (13.24±1.15%). The Sarcophyton spp. DCM extracts decreased the relative number of NF-κB+ cells (125 mg/kg: 13.96±0.84%). Immunohistochemical analysis with ImmunoMembrane showed that LPS induction in mice increased iNOS expression when compared to normal mice. The Sarcophyton spp. DCM extracts reduced iNOS expression (especially at 125 mg/kg). Conclusion: DCM extracts of Sarcophyton spp. inhibited the activation of NF-κB, resulting in suppressed iNOS expression, which directly inhibits NO production.
Abstract. Herawati VE, Pinandoyo, Windarto S, Rismaningsih N, Riyadi PH, Darmanto YS, Radjasa OK. 2020. Nutritional value and growth performance of sea worms (Nereis sp.) fed with Hermetia illucens maggot flour and grated coconut (Cocos nucifera) as natural feed. Biodiversitas 21: 5431-5437. Sea worms are one of the natural feeds used for shrimp aquaculture. This study aimed to investigate the growth performance and nutritional quality of sea worms (Nereis sp.) fed with Hermetia illucens maggot flour and grated coconut (Cocos nucifera). Nereis sp. individuals were cultured at a density of 100/plastic container for 35 days, and fed twice daily with a feeding rate of 5% of the total body weight. This study used five treatments, i.e.: A. 50% maggot flour and 50% coconut grated, B. 75% maggot flour and 25% coconut grated, C. 25% maggot flour and 75% grated coconut, D. 100% maggot flour, and E. 100% coconut grated. The results showed that the sea worms fed on maggot flour and grated coconut had a significant effect (P < 0.01) on the survival rate (SR), feed conversion rate (FCR), and feed efficiency. Treatment D showed the highest absolute growth value, specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency, and SR (0.45 g, 3.25%, 49.23%, and 99.67%). Feeding rate n ranged from 30.50% to 34.67%, and the FCR value ranged from 2.07-2.43%. The highest nutrient contents were observed in treatment D, with 54.05% protein, 22.54% fatty acid, 55.46 ppm methionine, and 10.98% EPA. This result suggested that Nereis sp. fed with 100% maggot flour had the greatest nutritional quality and growth performance.
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