Chemical profiles and antioxidant properties of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza fruit extracts from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract

Bruguiera gymnorrhiza is one of the mangrove species that a source of antioxidants. Antioxidant substances are able to protect cells from oxidative stress and other related diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical profiles, predicted biological activity, and antioxidant activity of the B. gymnoriza fruit extracts. The research methods included sampling, extraction (maceration with MeOH:DCM), identification of chemical profiles (GCMS spectra analysis), assaying for computational analysis (PASS server and ADMET), antioxidants (DPPH radical scavenging), and total phenolic content (FolinCiocalteu). Bruguiera gymnorrhiza fruits was collected from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The chemical profiles detected in the B. gymnorrhiza fruit extracts, namely isopimaradiene (64.20%); 4-(2-Aminopropyl) phenol (19.06%); dimethylaminodimethylphosphene oxide (9.40%); 3-amino-2-benzylbutanoic acid (5.46%); and 1,4- dideuteriooctane (1.89%). PASS server analysis showed that the five compounds detected from B. gymnorrhiza fruit have the potential as an NF-E2-related factor (Nrf2) stimulant and oxygen scavenger. The ADMET analysis results indicated that B. gymnorrhiza fruits could be developed as folk medicine and nutraceutical products.

Exploring the Mangrove Fruit: From the Phytochemicals to Functional Food Development and the Current Progress in the Middle East

“…Carbohydrate is the dominant nutrition in all mangrove fruit, while the protein and fat contents are varied ( Figure 1 ). The total phenolic content (TPC) in the mangrove fruit is also widely investigated and, for most purposes, relates TPC with antioxidant activities [ 37 , 38 ]. TPC is positively correlated with the antioxidants; thus, the exploration probes for high TPC content in the fruit [ 39 , 40 ].…”

“… Total phenolic content (TPC) from several mangrove fruit extracted using different solvents: Hex (hexane), EA (ethyl acetate), water, MeOH (methanol), DCM (dichloromethane), EtOH (ethanol), and Chl (chloroform). Modified from [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 53 , 54 ]. …”

“…The fruit of B. gymnorrhiza contains isopimaradiene and 4-(2-aminopropyl) phenol. Isopimeradiene acts as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial while 4-(2-aminopropyl) phenol shows high ROS scavenging activity, O 2 scavenger, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) stimulant, down-regulated cyclooxygenase-2 expression, and lowering of the nitrite level [ 38 ].…”

POTENSI KOMBINASI EKSTRAK Halimeda sp. DAN SAMBILOTO SEBAGAI IMUNOSTIMULATOR BAGI LANSIA DARI PAPARAN COVID-19

“…Langkah pertama adalah mengakses server PubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) untuk mendapatkan canonical SMILE (Riyadi et al, 2020a). Tahap kedua adalah mengakses PASS server (http://www.pharmaexpert.ru/passonline/index.php) untuk mendapatkan prediksi potensi biologis (Riyadi et al, 2021). Tahap ketiga adalah mengakses SwissADME (http://www.swissadme.ch/) untuk memperkirakan penyerapan, distribusi, metabolisme, dan ekskresi (Riyadi et al, 2020b)).…”

Characteristics of analog coffee from the mangrove fruit Rhizophora mucronata origin Sangihe Islands

“…Mangroves can be used as coastal protection from abrasion, stabilize sedimentation, and as a filter for coastal waters [3,4]. In addition, mangroves can also be used as a source of bioactives to produce pharmaceutical raw materials [5] and functional food [6]. One of the mangroves reported as a functional food is Rhizophora mucronata [7,8].…”