ABSTRAK:Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan IPTEK bagi masyarakat dengan memberikan informasi mengenai kualitas ikan asap yang diproses menggunakan smoking cabinet dan tungku tradisional. Penggunaan smoking cabinet dan tungku tradisional diharapkan dapat menjadi alternatif metode pengasapan yang ramah lingkungan, tidak menimbulkan bahaya karsinogen, serta menghasilkan kualitas ikan asap yang baik. Dalam penelitian ini, menggunakan jenis ikan lele (Clarias batrachus) (L) dan patin (Pangasius pangasius) (P) karena banyak dijumpai di Indonesia dan sering diolah menjadi ikan asap. Sampel ikan diasapi menggunakan smoking cabinet (LSC dan PSC) dan tungku tradisional (LTr dan PTr), kemudian dilakukan analisa mengenai kualitas ikan asap meliputi organoleptik, analisa proksimat (kadar protein, lemak, air, dan abu), pH, kandungan Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) terutama Benzo (α) Pyrene (BαP), senyawa karbonil meliputi phenol, asam organik, dan formaldehid. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan pola faktorial 2x2x2, meliputi perbedaan metode pengasapan dan jenis ikan dengan dua kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan metode pengasapan dan jenis ikan memberikan perbedaan sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap nilai proksimat (kadar protein, lemak, air, abu). Kandungan phenol, formaldehid, dan asam organik yang lebih tinggi adalah menggunakan tungku. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua metode pengasapan dan jenis ikan tersebut dapat diterapkan untuk pengolahan pengasapan ikan meskipun terdapat kecenderungan karakteristik yang spesifik pada produk yang dihasilkan dalam hal kenampakan, bau, tekstur dan rasa. Keywords: metode pengasapan, organoleptik, proksimat, pH, kualitas ikan PENDAHULUAN Kualitas ikan asap merupakan gambaran karakteristik dari produk tersebut yang mempengaruhi akseptabilitas konsumen. Di Indonesia, pengasapan ikan sebagian besar masih bersifat tradisional, belum mempertimbangkan faktor kesehatan dan keamanan pangan. Disamping itu pengasapan tradisional seringkali memberikan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan, serta timbul kekhawatiran kkonsumen terhadap senyawa karsinogenik dan polusi udara, namun kenyataannya hasil produk tetap digemari oleh masyarakat.Umumnya, masyarakat pengolah tergolong masyarakat dengan pengetahuan yang kurang, sehingga peralatan pengasapan tidak dilengkapi dengan cerobong asap karena mahalnya biaya pembuatannya, pengasapan menggunakan alat yang sederhana kurang praktis dan tidak produktif. Sehingga perlu dikembangkan teknologi pengasapan yang semi modern dan masyarakat mudah menggunakannya. Pemanfaatan smoking cabinet sebagai alternatif metode pengasapan yang ramah lingkungan sudah saatnya diterapkan di Indonesia.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas dan kandungan senyawa Benzo (α) Pyrene pada ikan lele dan patin yang diproses menjadi ikan asap menggunakan smoking cabinet dan tungku tradisional. MATERI DAN METODE MateriPenelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan ikan Lele berukuran panjang ±20cm, dengan berat rata--rata ±250g dan ikan patin ber...

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan IPTEK bagi masyarakat dengan memberikan informasi mengenai kualitas ikan asap yang diproses menggunakan smoking cabinet dan tungku tradisional. Penggunaan smoking cabinet dan tungku tradisional diharapkan dapat menjadi alternatif metode pengasapan yang ramah lingkungan, tidak menimbulkan bahaya karsinogen, serta menghasilkan kualitas ikan asap yang baik. Dalam penelitian ini, menggunakan jenis ikan lele (Clarias batrachus) (L) dan patin (Pangasius pangasius) (P) karena banyak dijumpai di Indonesia dan sering diolah menjadi ikan asap. Sampel ikan diasapi menggunakan smoking cabinet (LSC dan PSC) dan tungku tradisional (LTr dan PTr), kemudian dilakukan analisa mengenai kualitas ikan asap meliputi organoleptik, analisa proksimat (kadar protein, lemak, air, dan abu), pH, kandungan Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) terutama Benzo (α) Pyrene (BαP), senyawa karbonil meliputi phenol, asam organik, dan formaldehid. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan pola faktorial 2x2x2, meliputi perbedaan metode pengasapan dan jenis ikan dengan dua kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan metode pengasapan dan jenis ikan memberikan perbedaan sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap nilai proksimat (kadar protein, lemak, air, abu). Kandungan phenol, formaldehid, dan asam organik yang lebih tinggi adalah menggunakan tungku. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua metode pengasapan dan jenis ikan tersebut dapat diterapkan untuk pengolahan pengasapan ikan meskipun terdapat kecenderungan karakteristik yang spesifik pada produk yang dihasilkan dalam hal kenampakan, bau, tekstur dan rasa.

No abstract

Groupers (Plectropomus maculatus) were harvested from holding tanks and stored in ice until assessment rated them unacceptable. Groupers were also subjected to periods (2–12 h) of storage at tropical ambient (29–31 °C) immediately after harvest but prior to cooling in ice. The storage life of grouper stored continuously in ice was 18 days. A 2-h delay before cooling in ice approximately halves the storage life and for every further hour of malstorage the shelf-life was further reduced by approximately 1 day. The total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) and hypoxanthine contents were found to be good indicators of freshness in groupers, which were only acceptable with contents <31 mg N 100 per g and <2.0 μmoles g–1, respectively and all unacceptable at >37 mg N 100 per g and 2.3 μmoles g–1 respectively. TMA-N was found not be a reliable indicator of freshness

AbstrakPencucian (leaching) merupakan faktor penting dalam proses pembuatan surimi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh frekuensi pencucian terhadap kandungan asam amino, komposisi proksimat dan karakteristik gel surimi lele (Clarias sp.). Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen di laboratorium dengan satu faktor, yaitu perlakuan pencucian dengan 4 taraf berbeda yaitu 1, 2, 3 dan 4 kali dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). . Jenis uji yang digunakan adalah Kruskall wallis (non parametrik) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Dun's Multiple Comparison jika perlakuan berpengaruh nyata. Frekuensi pencucian berpengaruh nyata terhadap komposisi proksimat surimi lele (p<0,05), yaitu menurunkan kandungan protein, lemak dan meningkatkan kadar air, namun tidak nyata terhadap kandungan mineral. Bertambahnya frekuensi pencucian tidak berpengaruh nyata pada kadar asam amino esensial maupun non esensial kecuali pada asam glutamat. Frekuensi pencucian berpengaruh nyata pada gel surimi lele (p<0,05). Pada pencucian 3 dan 4 kali kali meningkatkan nilai hardness, deformasi, uji lipat dan uji gigit. Nilai EMC menurun seiring dengan bertambahnya frekuensi pencucian yang menunjukkan kemampuan menahan air pada gel meningkat. Pencucian 3 kali dianggap sudah cukup baik untuk membuat surimi lele karena mampu mempertahankan asam amino surimi lele dan meningkatkan kekuatan gelnya. Kata kunci: asam amino, frekuensi pencucian, surimi lele AbstrakLeaching is an important factor in the surimi production process. This study aimed to examine the effect of washing frequency on the amino acid profile, proximate and characteristics of surimi gel catfish (Clarias sp.). The method used was experimental laboratories with different washing treatments ie 1, 2, 3 and 4 times. Experimental design used a completely randomized design (CRD). Data were analyzed Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric method, followed by Dunn's multiple comparison test. Frequency of washing significantly affect the chemical composition of catfish surimi (p<0.05): lower protein content, fat and water content increase, but no significant effect on the mineral content. Increased frequency had no significant effect on essential and non-essential amino acids except glutamic acid. The frequency of washing gave significant effect on the catfish surimi gel (p<0.05). Leaching 3 and 4 times increased hardness value, deformation, folding and cutting test. EMC values decreased with increasing frequency of washing demonstrating the ability to hold water in the gel increased. Washing 3 times considered good enough to produce catfish surimi because it was able to to maintain amino acids and increase the gel strength of catfish surimi.

The characteristic of a jelly candy is sweet in taste and has elastic texture. The elastic texture due to gelling agent addition such as carrageenan, sea weed, gum arabic, and gelatin. The Utilization of nile tilapia bone as the source of gelatin product is away to prevent gelatin that is not halal. The aim of the research was to know the concentration of nile tilapia bone gelatin which produced the best quality of jelly candies based on physical chemical characteristic as well as the member of Escherichia coli and hedonic value. The experiment was designed using a Completely Randomized Design with 3 treatments (9%, 10%, 11%) of nile tilapia bone gelatin concentrations. Each treatment was done in triplicate. Data of elasticity, moisture content, water activity, pH, sugar contents were analyzed with Analysis of Varians (ANOVA). A Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test was conducted to find out the difference among the treatments. The data of hedonic quality was analyzed by a Kruskall Wallis test and continued by a Multiple Comparison. The result showed that the addition of 10% nile tilapia bone gelatin produced the best quality product which had the elasticity (14.20 Newton); moisture content (17.06%); Aw 0.785; pH 4.78; sugar content (48.23%); hedonic (8.13) and the product did not content Escherichia coli bacteria. Key Words : Jelly Candy, Nile Tilapia Bone Gelatin, Quality

Benzo(α)pyrene were determined by Gass Chromatography Mass Spectrofotometry method on nile, tilapia, milkfish, little tuna, narrow bared spanish mackerel, marine catfish, canine catfish and stingray processed by traditional method and the used of smoking kiln. Eight samples of smoked fish processed by traditional method showed a higher BaP levels ranging from 0.03 to 4.58 ppb. Whereas, BaP levels on smoked fish processed by smoking kiln were found in average lower than traditional method ranging from 0.01 to 3.04 ppb. Different fish species gave very significant different (P<0.01) to BaP levels. Meanwhile, different method of smoking fish gave no significant different (P>0.05) on carbonyl compounds (phenol, formaldehyde, and organic acid) levels on smoked fish processed by traditional method and smoking kiln, but different fish species gave very significant different (P<0.01) to carbonyl compound level (phenol, formaldehyde, and organic acid).

Milkfish that have been seasoned with some spices then cooked by a high -cooker produced a fish product which has soft spines and bones. The product which has a local name bandeng presto has been popular in Indonesia due to the product is tasty and it is easier to be consumed directly after it is prepared as a dish. The storage life of bandeng presto is relatively short, which is due to deterioration process by microbes after processing. Consequently, this condition can retard the products distribution. The aims of the research are to understand is there any significant influence of differing the drying time (0 hours and 4 hours) of milkfish cooked by a high-pressure cooker by using an electric oven (50oC) and storage period at room temperature (5 days) and also to find out which treatment produce the best product quality. The results showed that the treatment of differing the drying period gave a highly significant influence (P <0.01) on the sensory value and the moisture content but did not gave significant influence (P >0.05) on the number of bacteria colonies. The length of storage period gave a highly significant influence (P <0.01) on the sensory value between the products which were dried for 4 hours and without drying treatment but only the drying process for 4 hours gave a highly significant influence (P <0.01) on the moisture content, the water activity and the number of bacteria colonies. The quality of the products that were dried for 4 hours were better and their storage life can reach up to 3 days compared to the products that were not dried.Keywords: Milkfish, high pressure cooker, drying, oven, quality, storage life