Introduction: Hypertension is a leading problem in Indonesia, because of the high prevalence and the long term effect. Bitter melon leaves (Momordica charantia L.) has been traditionally utilized to treat hypertension, yet not many studies explained the antihypertension effect of this plant. Methods: This study was conducted to test the benefit of bitter melon leaves as antihypertension using angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition activity in 80% ethanolic extract and its fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) using ACE kit-WST (Dojindo, Japan). Then the antihypertension activity was associated with the phenolic content which was expressed in gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and total flavonoid in quercetin equivalent (QE). Results: Result of the study showed that the IC50 value obtained from the ethanolic extract to inhibit ACE activity was 7.52 μg/mL and the highest inhibition obtained in ethyl acetate fraction with IC50 value was 4,29 μg/mL. Phenolic total and flavonoid total determination also showed that the highest content obtained in ethyl acetate fraction with 18.752 mg GAE/gr extract and 8.310 mg QE/gr extract, respectively. Conclusion: According to the study, it could be concluded that bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) leaves provide inhibition activity against Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) and chemical compounds that were expected to play an active role in inhibiting ACE were flavonoid and tannin.
Garcinia lateriflora Blume., that belongs to the genus Garcinia, is known to contain polyphenol compounds that are likely to inhibit alpha-glucosidase in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate and acquire the most biologically active fraction from leaves of G. lateriflora in inhibiting alphaglucosidase. The separation of the active fraction was conducted using column chromatography and identified by thin layer chromatography. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity test carried out in vitro using spectrophotometric method with p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopiranoside as the substrate. 17 and 12 fractions were obtained from ethyl acetate and methanol extracts, respectively. Fraction 13 (EA13) of ethyl acetate extract and fraction 10 (Me10) of methanol extract were showed the highest percent inhibition compared with the other fraction with IC50 values 8.96 µg/ml and 18.52 µg/ml, respectively. While the IC50 value for Acarbose is 39.53 µg/ml. Furthermore, fraction EA13 is the most active fraction in inhibiting alpha-glucosidase compared with the extract, other fractions, and Acarbose.
Introduction: Herbal medicine (jamu) is a traditional Indonesian drug that has been used by the community in efforts to overcome health problems. One of the herbs that are frequently used by the public is antihypertensive jamu. This study aimed to determine the standardization parameters of 8 antihypertensive jamu in the form of specific and nonspecific parameters, antioxidant and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) activity. Materials and methods: Jamu were extracted using ethanol. Nonspecific parameters that are water content, ash content, ash insoluble acid content, level of substances dissolved in alcohol and water, Coliform microbial contamination, and mold/yeast numbers. Determination of specific parameters including determining organoleptic (color and texture), chemical content, identification of infrared spectrum, in-vitro antioxidant activity, and ACE inhibitor activity. Results: nonspecific parameter such is the average water content of 5.92-8.1 v / w; total ash content of 5.85-7.2 w / w, levels of ash insoluble acid content were 0.45-0.55 w/w and the level of substances dissolved in alcohol and water were 24.22-54.21 and 24.22-54,21, respectively. The eight extracts were uncontaminated with coliform, mold, and yeast microbes. Antioxidant and ACE inhibitor activity test showed that all eight extracts had antioxidant activity in vitro with IC 50 values ranging from 9.31-157.9 ppm and ACE inhibitor activity with the IC 50 value is in the range of 18.37-740.8 ppm. Conclusion: The eight antihypertensive jamu met the standard of extract parameters both the specific and nonspecific and have potential in-vitro activities as ACE inhibitors.
Introduction: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) are drugs that can control hypertension. Pereskia saccharose Griseb. leaves have been used traditionally as antihypertensive. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the antihypertensive activity through inhibition of ACE activity, the total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of the ethanolic extract of Pereskia saccharose Griseb. leaves and its fractions. Methods: Extraction was done by maceration with 80% ethanol and fractionation performed by liquid-liquid partition. Results: In vitro ACE inhibitory activity assay of the ethanolic extract using ACE Kit-WST Dojindo had IC 50 value of 3.448 µg/mL and ethyl acetate fraction had IC 50 value of 1.714 x 10-3 µg/mL. Ethyl acetate contained the highest amounts of both TPC (72.991 ± 0.932 mg GAE/g sample) and TFC (61.337 ± 1.612 mg QE/g sample). Conclusion:The results suggest that Pereskia saccharose Griseb. possess ACE inhibitory activity.
Preparation and characterization of cross-linked excipient of coprocessed xanthan gumacacia gum as matrix for sustained release tablets AIP Conference Proceedings 1933, 030009 (2018 Abstract. Garcinia lateriflora leaves extract of the family Guttiferae has been known to have excellent antioxidant activity. The objective of the study was to determine the antioxidant effect of the n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of G. lateriflora leaves extract. The antioxidant activity was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging methods and Feric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) to determine the antioxidant properties. The extracts were fractionated by using column chromatography. The Methanol extract exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity with EC50 values are 13.95 and 19.65 μg/mL by DPPH and FRAP methods respectively. E13 fraction was the most active fraction from ethyl acetate extract with EC50 value for DPPH scavenging method was 37.14 μg/mL and 34.46 μg/mL for reducing power by the FRAP method. Meanwhile M3 fraction was the most active fraction in methanol extract with EC50 value for DPPH scavenging method was 50.02 μg/mL and 37.32 μg/mL for reducing power by the FRAP method.
Litsea petiolata Hk. f was included Lauraceae family, and the previous study had been isolated 5 compounds from the Litsea petiolata Hk. f stem bark dichloromethane extract namely harman or aribine, norharman, reticuline, isoboldine, and thalifoline. Antioxidants can prevent tissue damage by free radical. Free radical production continuously in all cells as cellular function usually, but excess production can cause many diseases. The research aimed to assay the activity of antioxidant from the extract and fractions of the Litsea petiolata Hk. f stem bark with DPPH assay and FRAP assay. The extract was obtained by soxhletation used dichloromethane as solvent. The fractions fractionated with column chromatography. The antioxidant test used DPPH assay and FRAP assay. The IC50 values for the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging test of the dichloromethane extract was 27.36 µg/mL, the fraction A was 113.74 µg/mL, fraction B was 60.17 µg/mL, and the control positive (quercetin) was 3.96 µg/ml. The EC50 values for ferric ion reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) test of the dichloromethane extract was obtained 13.47 µg/mL, the fraction A was 76.49 µg/mL, fraction B was 55.73 µg/mL, and the control positive (quercetin) was 14.01 µg/ml. The extract had higher antioxidant activity than the fractions, and by FRAP test the extract showed better antioxidant activity than the positive control (quercetin).
Lontar or Borassus flabelifer is a local plant that mostly found in Nusa Tenggara Province of Indonesia. The juice of the ripe mesocarp has been used traditionally for treatment minor oral ulcer. Microorganism is one of the factors that cause the recurrence of oral ulcer. This study was aimed to investigate the antimicrobial potency of the B. flabelifer fresh and dried mesocarp extract. The antimicrobial extract was tested in vitro by using the agar well diffusion method against four bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and one fungus, Candida albicans with concentration of the extract were 10 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL. The dried and fresh mesocarp extract was resistant to P. aeruginosa and E. coli, while the dried mesocarp extract showed potential antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and S. aureus with the diameter zone of inhibition on concentration 10 mg/ml were 12 ± 0.1 mm and 10± 0.1 mm, respectively. Antifungal activity only exhibited by the dried mesocarp extract with diameter zone of inhibition on concentration 100 mg/mL was 9 ± 0.1 mm. The dried mesocarp extract was more potent than fresh mesocarp extract as antimicrobial.
Alga hijau (Ulva reticulata Forsskal) yang berasal dari Pantai Putih Lampung merupakan salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai tabir surya karena mengandung berbagai metabolit sekunder, seperti karotenoid, senyawa fenol dan turunannya, polisakarida sulfat, dan vitamin. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur aktivitas tabir surya dan antioksidan ekstrak n-Heksan, etil asetat, dan etanol serta mengukur kadar total fenol dan flavonoid dari masing-masing ekstrak. Aktivitas tabir surya diukur pada konsentrasi 300, 500 dan 700 μg/mL menggunakan spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang 290-320 nm, sedangkan aktivitas antioksidan diukur menggunakan metode DPPH. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan ekstrak memiliki kadar total fenol masing-masing sebesar 14,45; 10,74 dan 4 mg GAE/g dan total flavonoid, yaitu 3,99; 22,25 dan 4,67 mgQE/g. Ekstrak ekstrak etil asetat pada konsentrasi 700 merupakan ekstrak dengan potensi terbaik sebagai tabir surya dengan nilai nilai SPF sebesar 11,74 dengan kategori proteksi maksimal. Ketiga ekstrak memiliki potensi antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 berturut-turut 0,46, 0,375 dan 0,376 mg/mL.
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