Standardization of Indonesian Traditional Antihypertensive Medicines (Jamu) through the ACE Inhibitor Mechanism

Abstract

Introduction: Herbal medicine (jamu) is a traditional Indonesian drug that has been used by the community in efforts to overcome health problems. One of the herbs that are frequently used by the public is antihypertensive jamu. This study aimed to determine the standardization parameters of 8 antihypertensive jamu in the form of specific and nonspecific parameters, antioxidant and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) activity. Materials and methods: Jamu were extracted using ethanol. Nonspecific parameters that are water content, ash content, ash insoluble acid content, level of substances dissolved in alcohol and water, Coliform microbial contamination, and mold/yeast numbers. Determination of specific parameters including determining organoleptic (color and texture), chemical content, identification of infrared spectrum, in-vitro antioxidant activity, and ACE inhibitor activity. Results: nonspecific parameter such is the average water content of 5.92-8.1 v / w; total ash content of 5.85-7.2 w / w, levels of ash insoluble acid content were 0.45-0.55 w/w and the level of substances dissolved in alcohol and water were 24.22-54.21 and 24.22-54,21, respectively. The eight extracts were uncontaminated with coliform, mold, and yeast microbes. Antioxidant and ACE inhibitor activity test showed that all eight extracts had antioxidant activity in vitro with IC 50 values ranging from 9.31-157.9 ppm and ACE inhibitor activity with the IC 50 value is in the range of 18.37-740.8 ppm. Conclusion: The eight antihypertensive jamu met the standard of extract parameters both the specific and nonspecific and have potential in-vitro activities as ACE inhibitors.

Quality control standardization of Indonesian noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia) extract and evaluation of their angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity

“…As presented in Table 4, showed Noni fruit extract from Bogor exhibits strong activity in inhibiting ACE with an IC 50 value of 206.26 µg/mL, when compared to extracts from Tangerang and Sukabumi with IC 50 value of 232.95 and 220.91 µg/mL, respectively. This finding was supported by a previous study in which the IC 50 value of antihypertensive herbal extracts containing noni was around >200 µg/mL (Yanti et al 2020). In addition, the ethanolic extract of M. citrifolia leaves and fruit also displayed a significant antihypertensive activity in dexamethasone-induced hypertensive rats (Wigati et al 2017).…”

“…The use of ACE inhibitors is well established as one of the therapeutic principles in the treatment of hypertension (Sera et al 2005). In Indonesia, Noni has long been used as herbal medicine to help lower blood pressure; as reported by Yanti et al 2020, Noni is used with other herbal mixtures as a traditional antihypertensive medicine. Therefore, the present study was also performed to evaluate the pharmacological effect of Noni fruit extract on ACE.…”

Molecular Docking Approach of Natural Compound from Herbal Medicine in Java against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Receptor

“…We employ various active chemicals that are extensively included in herbal medicine plants found in Java. The active chemicals that we utilize in this investigation include Theaflavin, Deoxypodophyllotoxin, Gallocatechin Gallate, Allicin, Quercetin, Annonamine, Curcumin, 6-Gingerol, Curcubitacin B [24], [25]. We chose these compounds because they are frequently found in herbal plants in Java that are frequently used by the general population.…”

Plants as herbal medicine at Nguter Traditional Market, Sukoharjo, Central Java, Indonesia

“…The term "jamu" comes from the Javanese word "jampi" (magical herb) (Kurniawan and Ikhsanudin 2020). Jamu is a traditional Indonesian medicine made from native sources, such as roots, bark, flowers, seeds, leaves, and fruit (Eff et al 2020). This traditional medicine is made from a mixture of several plants, called ''empon-empon'' to increase body resistance and cure disease (Ramadhani et al 2021).…”