ACE Inhibitory Activity, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content of Pereskia saccharose Griseb. Leaves Extract

Abstract

Introduction: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) are drugs that can control hypertension. Pereskia saccharose Griseb. leaves have been used traditionally as antihypertensive. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the antihypertensive activity through inhibition of ACE activity, the total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of the ethanolic extract of Pereskia saccharose Griseb. leaves and its fractions. Methods: Extraction was done by maceration with 80% ethanol and fractionation performed by liquid-liquid partition. Results: In vitro ACE inhibitory activity assay of the ethanolic extract using ACE Kit-WST Dojindo had IC 50 value of 3.448 µg/mL and ethyl acetate fraction had IC 50 value of 1.714 x 10-3 µg/mL. Ethyl acetate contained the highest amounts of both TPC (72.991 ± 0.932 mg GAE/g sample) and TFC (61.337 ± 1.612 mg QE/g sample). Conclusion:The results suggest that Pereskia saccharose Griseb. possess ACE inhibitory activity.

Southeast Asian Medicinal Plants with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibition Properties

“…As for P. saccharose Griseb, both its ethanol and ethyl acetate crude extracts illustrated high potency with IC 50 values of 3.448 µg/ml and 1.714 x 10 -3 µg/ml respectively. 40 Lastly, the P. pellucida (L.) Kunth ethyl acetate fraction has an IC 50 value of 3.44 µg/ml. 39 There are also other plants with significant ACE inhibition activity with reported IC 50 values from 10 µg/ml to 100 µg/ml.…”

“…For example, a water solvent was used to extract C. curviflora 25 , Citrus hystrix 24 and Murraya koenigii. 24 Ethanol 100 % and 95 % were used to extract Momordica charantia 31 , Muntingia calabura 33 , Pereskia saccharose 40 , Mammea siamensis 30 , and Senna garrettiana. 30 Methanol was also used to extract C. curviflora 25 and G. gnemon.…”

“…30 Methanol was also used to extract C. curviflora 25 and G. gnemon. 28 Apart from the polar solvent, plants such as G. gnemon 28 and P. saccharose 40 which were being extracted using ethyl acetate, a semi-polar solvent, also have highly significant ACE inhibition activity. However, in some studies, the IC 50 values of plants extracted using methanol or ethanol were smaller than the IC 50 values from plants extracted using ethyl acetate, while in some studies the results are in the opposite.…”

“…These plants are Chassalia curviflora 25 , Momordica charantia L. 31 , Muntingia calabura L. 33 , Nasturtium officinale R. Br. 35 , Pereskia saccharose Griseb 40 and Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth. 39 C. curviflora leaves and flower exhibited ACE inhibition activity with IC 50 values of 4.96 µg/ml for water leaves extract, 4.06 µg/ml for methanol leaves extract, 3.39 µg/ml for water flower extract, and 3.71 µg/ml for methanol flower extract.…”