Objective: Garcinia hombroniana Pierre leaves extract have been known to contain flavonoid, but it has not been known yet for its antioxidant activity and inhibition of lipoxygenase activity. This study aims to determine antioxidant activity and inhibition of lipoxygenase activity of G. hombroniana leaves extract. Method: Antioxidant activity tested by using FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) method and inhibition of lipoxygenase activity using baicalein as the positive control. Total flavonoid assay is also quantitatively done by AlCl 3 colorimetric method on the most active extract using quercetin as the positive control. Results: The test result showed that the n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extract of G. hombroniana Pierre leaves have antioxidant activity which showed by EC 50 value consecutively are 36.260; 2.969; and 7.416 μg/mL, and also can inhibit lipoxygenase activity which showed by IC 50 value consecutively are 2.052; 0.134; and 1.314 μg/mL. Ethyl acetate extract of G. hombroniana Pierre leaves has the most active antioxidant activity and inhibition of lipoxygenase activity. Total flavonoid content of ethyl acetate extract of G. hombroniana Pierre leaves is 42.004 mg QE/g sample. Conclusion: Garcinia hombroniana Pierre leaves extract has antioxidant activity and can inhibit lipoxygenase activity.

Introduction: Hypertension is a leading problem in Indonesia, because of the high prevalence and the long term effect. Bitter melon leaves (Momordica charantia L.) has been traditionally utilized to treat hypertension, yet not many studies explained the antihypertension effect of this plant. Methods: This study was conducted to test the benefit of bitter melon leaves as antihypertension using angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition activity in 80% ethanolic extract and its fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) using ACE kit-WST (Dojindo, Japan). Then the antihypertension activity was associated with the phenolic content which was expressed in gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and total flavonoid in quercetin equivalent (QE). Results: Result of the study showed that the IC50 value obtained from the ethanolic extract to inhibit ACE activity was 7.52 μg/mL and the highest inhibition obtained in ethyl acetate fraction with IC50 value was 4,29 μg/mL. Phenolic total and flavonoid total determination also showed that the highest content obtained in ethyl acetate fraction with 18.752 mg GAE/gr extract and 8.310 mg QE/gr extract, respectively. Conclusion: According to the study, it could be concluded that bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) leaves provide inhibition activity against Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) and chemical compounds that were expected to play an active role in inhibiting ACE were flavonoid and tannin.

INTRODUCTIONHypertension is the biggest challenge in Indonesia. Based on Riset Kesehatan Dasar data on 2013, there was quite high hypertension prevalence, which was shown as 25.8%. Every year, hypertension has caused the death of 9.4 million people. WHO predicted that in 2025 there will be around 29% of world population that suffered from hypertension and will increase if they don't follow a healthy lifestyle. The highest percentage of hypertension now obtained from development countries. 1Based on clinical studies, antihypertension drugs such as Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitor (ACEi), Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB), betablocker (BB), Calcium Channel Blocker (CCB), and thiazide diuretics can lower hypertension complications without affecting the target organs. 2The raise of blood pressure can be caused by the lowering effect of peripheral pressure. NO (Nitric Oxide) is a vasodilator agent works by lowering the peripheral pressure. ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) inhibition works by inhibiting the production of Angiotensin II and increase bradykinin level. Bradykinin induces receptor on endothelial cells and causing NOS3 (Nitrate Oxide Synthase 3) activation, NOS3 (endothelial) can convert arginine into NO and produce vasodilatation effect. Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) is a widely consumed plant by the population. This plant usually used as food, while many people also use them as traditional medicine. Watercress (N. officinale R. Br.) known has ACE inhibition activity, this is shown with IC50 value of the methanolic extract of N. officinale R. Br. which is 15.40 μg/mL and contained alkaloid, saponin, anthraquinone, terpenoid, and tannin compounds. 3On this study, we conducted ACE inhibition activity test which was obtained from watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.), continued with each fraction (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) and also a measurement of total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis study was conducted in Phytochemical Laboratory and Quantitative Analysis of Pharmaceutical Chemistry of the Universitas Indonesia, Depok. Work procedures done were material preparations, extractions, fractionations, ACE inhibition percentage measurements and IC50 test from the extract and also total phenolic and flavonoid content measurements on watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) fractions. Material PreparationsPlant determination was conducted to confirm that we used the right plant, such as watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.). Plant identification result showed that sample was in Brassicaceae Family, Nasturtium officinale R. Br. Species. Botanical ExtractionThe method used in extraction process in this study was maceration with ethanol 70% as the solvent, aiming to separate some secondary metabolites in the botanical powder. Maceration method was chosen because the device was simple and safe to use for thermolabile compounds because this method does not need heat. ACE Inhibitory Activity, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content of Wat...

Introduction:The genus Garcinia which is rich of secondary metabolites, mainly flavonoids, have known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of lipoxygenase. There isn't found literature indicating research on inhibition of lipoxygenase activity been done in this plant. The purpose of this study is to obtain the data and determine the potential antioxidant activity, and inhibition of lipoxygenase activity of Garcinia porrecta Laness. stem bark extracts. Methods: This research is included FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) method antioxidant assay, in vitro lipoxygenase inhibition assay, flavonoids qualitative analysis by thin layer chromatography, and total flavonoids assay in the most active extract. Results: The results showed the methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts of G. porrecta Laness. stem bark using FRAP method, has antioxidant activity with EC50 values respectively 1.33; 4.97; and 19.96 µg/mL and lipoxygenase inhibition activity with IC50 values 0.23; 0.52; and 4.87 µg/mL. The most active extract in the both assay is methanol extract which has total flavonoids of 5.66 mg QE/g (quercetin equivalent). Conclusion: The results from the study show extracts of the stem bark of G. porrecta Laness. has antioxidant activity and potential for lipoxygenase inhibition.

Introduction: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) are drugs that can control hypertension. Pereskia saccharose Griseb. leaves have been used traditionally as antihypertensive. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the antihypertensive activity through inhibition of ACE activity, the total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of the ethanolic extract of Pereskia saccharose Griseb. leaves and its fractions. Methods: Extraction was done by maceration with 80% ethanol and fractionation performed by liquid-liquid partition. Results: In vitro ACE inhibitory activity assay of the ethanolic extract using ACE Kit-WST Dojindo had IC 50 value of 3.448 µg/mL and ethyl acetate fraction had IC 50 value of 1.714 x 10-3 µg/mL. Ethyl acetate contained the highest amounts of both TPC (72.991 ± 0.932 mg GAE/g sample) and TFC (61.337 ± 1.612 mg QE/g sample). Conclusion:The results suggest that Pereskia saccharose Griseb. possess ACE inhibitory activity.

Antidesma celebicum Miq. belongs to Euphorbiaceae family has been used as antidiabetic traditional medicine. The aim of the research was to isolate the α-Glucosidase inhibitory compound from ethanol extract of Antidesma celebicum leaves. The isolation have been done using column chromatography silica gel 60 and the structure was determinated base on spectral data of IR, MS, NMR. The result showed that the isolation obtained gallic acid as α-Glucosidase inhibitor with IC50 value of 0.057 mM.

Introduction: Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth is known as a raw material for herbal medicine; Preservation of herbs powder by gamma irradiation is reported to be able to keep products free from contamination. Methods: This study aims to evaluate the effect of gamma irradiation (0; 2.5; 5; 7.5; and 10 kGy) on the ACE inhibitory activity (ACE Kit -WST test kit method), antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging method), total phenolic content (colorimetric method using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent), total flavonoid content (colorimetric method using AlCl3 and sodium acetate), and TLC profiling (silica gel F 254 as the stationary phase and dichlormethane:methanol [92:8] as the mobile phase) of suruhan herb powder. Results: Results showed that the 2.5 kGy irradiation dose gave the smallest alteration in ACE inhibitory activity compared to others irradiated doses. Furthermore, the 5 and 7.5 kGy dose didn't cause significant change (p>0.05) on antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content. Antioxidant activity was found to correlate with the total phenolic content but not with the total flavonoid content. Conclusion: Based on these finding, it is concluded that gamma irradiation can be used as a preservation method for P. pellucida herb powder.

The new alkaloid named as declinine had been isolated from stem bark of Phoebe declinata Nees (Lauraceae). This alkaloid had been obtained for the first time from this plant. The structure of declinine was determined by spectroscopic analysis of 1D and 2D NMR, IR, UV, and LCMS. Declinine exhibited good antioxidant activity by DPPH assay with an IC50 value 11.8 µg/mL compared to boldine as a standard with an IC50 value 5.8 µg/mL.