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One hundred and fifty-two samples of pasteurized milk, powdered milk, cheese and yoghurt, marketed in Campinas, Brazil in 1989-1990, were analysed for aflatoxin M1 by the AOAC TLC method (visual quantitation) 980.21. Fifty-two pasteurized milk samples were also analysed in 1992 by the AOAC HPLC method 986.16. Aflatoxin M1 was not detected in the 1989-1990 samples. Four milk samples of the 1992 batch were contaminated at 73-370 ng/1. Except for the sample with 370 ng/l, which would have been also found positive by the TLC method, the detection of aflatoxin M1 in 1992 reflects the higher sensitivity of the HPLC method, not a greater occurrence of the toxin. Contamination of milk and milk products with aflatoxin M1 does not appear to be a serious public health problem in the city of Campinas at the moment.

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The purpose of this study was to analyse the retirement of elite football players in Portugal. Specifically, the quality of retirement and the resources available were evaluated. To develop an understanding of the process of the sporting retirement of elite football players we used data from in-depth, semi-structured interviews with ninety professional players from the portuguese football national team.  Most of the elite Portuguese footballers we investigated retired from sport between 36 and 40 years of age, their retirement had been involuntary and it had taken them less than a year to accept retirement. Most had only been educated to secondary level and had a strong athletic identity, no plans for their post-football career exist and relied on family as their main psychological support. None of the players had received support from a formal programme. Despite of the findings being consistent with previous research from other Southern European cultures, it seems that the athletic retirement of portuguese footballers has some particularities. Most portuguese footballers retired later and had longer playing careers than athletes in other countries. In addition, retirement was involuntary in most of cases, yet players reported that it took them a relatively short time to accept retirement.

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RESUMOExiste uma extensa variedade genética no urucum que são conhecidas por denominações como "focinho de rato", "cabeça de moleque", "peruana", "bico de pato", "amarela", "piave" entre outras. Todas são caracterizadas por propriedades como porte da planta, período de produção, forma e cores das cachopas, deiscência, etc. A última década tem sido marcada por um melhoramento genético, buscando maior produtividade e, principalmente, maior teor de pigmentos. O Instituto Agronômico (IAC) comporta no Polo Regional Centro Norte, (Pindorama, SP), uma coleção de plantas de urucum, com mais de 25 acessos, que em trabalhos anteriores foram avaliadas quanto às suas características agronômicas. Contudo, os teores de bixina e lipídeos, que também são características importantes das sementes de urucum, pois afetam diretamente o rendimento industrial, não foram estudados. Este estudo teve como objetivo a validação de uma metodologia analítica de determinação de bixina e a caracterização da coleção do IAC quanto aos teores de bixina e lipídios. Os resultados indicaram que no método proposto houve linearidade na faixa de trabalho utilizada para a análise de sementes de urucum. Os limites de detecção e quantificação foram de 0,31 e 0,63 g de carotenóides totais expressos como bixina por 100 g de semente, respectivamente. O método foi preciso mas sensível a alterações na massa de amostra, tempo de extração e no coeficiente de absorção ( ). As árvores existentes na coleção possuem altos teores de bixina na semente, variando (em base seca) de 3,12 ± 0,06% a 6,26 ± 0,06%. Os teores de lipídios variaram de 1,97 ± 0% a 3,98 ± 0,09%. Não foram observadas correlações entre as concentrações de bixina e de lipídios.Palavras chave: urucum, bixina, lipídeos. ABSTRACT BIXIN AND LIPIDS CONTENT IN ANNATO SEEDS FROM COLLECTION OF THE INSTITUTO AGRONÔMICO (IAC)Annato has wide genetic varieties that are known by different names including "focinho de rato", "cabeça de moleque", peruana, "bico de pato", yellow and piave. Different properties are used to characterize them, namely, size of plant, production period, shape and fruit color, dehiscence, etc. The last decade have been marked by genetic improvement researches, in order to reach greater productivity and, especially, higher pigment content. The IAC has at the Polo Regional Centro Norte, in Campinas-SP, a collection of annatto plants with more than 25 varieties, which in previous studies were evaluated regarding their agronomic characteristics. However, bixin and lipids levels were not studied and both characteristics of the annatto seeds are very important, once the industrial performance during dyes production may be directly affected. The aim of the present study was to validate a methodology for bixin determination in annatto seeds and to evaluate the IAC collection for bixin and lipids content. The proposed method showed a linear response for each compound analyzed in the work concentration range. The detection and quantification limits for the bixin, were, respectively 0.31 and 0.63 g p...

The aim of this study was to explore the process of career termination of elite soccer players, comparing the quality and the resources to support career termination over the last three decades. To this end, was developed a questionnaire defined by four sections: (a) biographical data, (b) athletic career, (c) quality of career termination and (d) available resources at the moment of career termination. Ninety male former elite Portuguese soccer players participated in this study. The results highlighted a decrease in the length of athletic career as football players and an increase in the number of years as youth players over the last 30 years. The results also revealed that the quality of career termination was difficult. The analysis of resources for career termination revealed an increase in a high level of education over the years. Despite the evolution in the level athletes’ education in the last three decades, the athletic career termination remained difficult and it was reported that they did not plan their career termination. In line with previous studies, the results highlight that the lack of plans for career termination is one of the most important factors that constrain the quality of career transition.

Açaí (Euterpe oleracea) has a high nutritional value because of its antioxidant compounds, which have the appeal of health benefits. This fruit is native of the floodplain of the Brazilian state of Pará, and was fractionated in peel, pulp, peel plus pulp, and seed. The aim of this research was to evaluate the nutritional composition, total phenolic content, total anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity and the fatty acid profile of these fractions. The highest lipid content (33.5 g.100g-1 DB) was present in the açaí pulp fraction and gas chromatography analysis showed unsaturated fatty acids (71.8%). The peel and seed fractions had the highest dietary fiber content (86.1 and 83.4 g.100g-1 DB, respectively), being insoluble dietary fiber predominant in the peel. The peel has the highest total anthocyanins (372.8 mg.100g-1 DB) and the seed has the highest total phenolic content (3602 mg.100g-1 DB) and the highest antioxidant capacity (88.5 µmol TE/g DB). The marketing approach in the industry of açaí products is aimed at its antioxidant and energy potential, considering the high content of lipids and carbohydrates, showing that 100g of fresh fruit has approximately 130 cal. These results show promising perspectives for the use of açaí fractions for new tropical products with considerable levels of nutrients and antioxidant capacity.