Journal articleIFPRI3; ISI; HarvestPlusHarvestPlusP

1Post-harvest physiological deterioration (PPD) is one of the most important 2 constraints in cassava production and commercialization. It has been 3 hypothesized that the antioxidant properties of carotenoids in yellow cassava roots 4 may help reduce or delay PPD. The industrial sector prefers cassava with a high 5 dry matter content. The latter has also been reported to have a positive correlation 6 with PPD. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between 7 both the dry matter and total carotenoid contents and PPD in the roots of 101 8 cassava clones. PPD was positively but weakly associated with dry matter 9 content (R 2 = 0.100, P < 0.01), and inversely associated with the total carotenoid 10

The following 13 carotenoids from yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) were conclusively identified:  phytoene, phytofluene, ζ-carotene (principal carotenoid), neurosporene, β-carotene, lycopene, prolycopene, monoepoxy-β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, β-citraurin, antheraxanthin, violaxanthin, and neoxanthin. Electron impact mass spectrometry, complemented by UV−visible spectrophotometry and co-chromatography, besides 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for prolycopene, was used for this purpose. Seven of the carotenoids identified are reported as passion fruit carotenoids for the first time. Keywords: Carotenoids; passion fruit; identification

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The retrogradation of concentrated gels of three types of corn starch (Normal, Amylose Extender and Waxy) and the influence of certain sugars and lipids on the mode and kinetics of retrogradation were investigated. The lipids tested were triglycerides, hydrogenated babassu oil and hydrogenated vegetable oil. The results based on the Aurumi theory indicated that the mechanism of crystallization is instantaneous nucleation followed by a rod-like growth of crystals, regardless of the type of starch, sugar or lipid used. In general, sugars increased the retrogradation rate while lipids retarded it. The dissacharides were more effective in increasing the velocity of retrogradation than glucose. The results suggested that a relationship exists between the velocity of retrogradation and the number of hydroxyl groups and/or size of the molecule. Among the lipids, the most effective in retarding retrogradation was that with the shortest fatty acid chain.

One hundred and fifty-two samples of pasteurized milk, powdered milk, cheese and yoghurt, marketed in Campinas, Brazil in 1989-1990, were analysed for aflatoxin M1 by the AOAC TLC method (visual quantitation) 980.21. Fifty-two pasteurized milk samples were also analysed in 1992 by the AOAC HPLC method 986.16. Aflatoxin M1 was not detected in the 1989-1990 samples. Four milk samples of the 1992 batch were contaminated at 73-370 ng/1. Except for the sample with 370 ng/l, which would have been also found positive by the TLC method, the detection of aflatoxin M1 in 1992 reflects the higher sensitivity of the HPLC method, not a greater occurrence of the toxin. Contamination of milk and milk products with aflatoxin M1 does not appear to be a serious public health problem in the city of Campinas at the moment.

One hundred and eleven samples of processed fruit juices (apple, grape, pineapple, papaya, guava, banana and mango) and 38 samples of sound fruits (apple, papaya, mango, pear and peach) produced and marketed in Brazil, were analysed for patulin by HPLC. Only one out of 30 samples of apple juice was found positive at 17 micrograms/l. Patulin was not detected in the other foodstuffs. It was found in 14 samples of spoiled fruit samples of apple (150-267 micrograms/kg), pear (134-245 micrograms/kg) and peach (92-174 micrograms/kg). Confirmation of the identity of patulin was based on the UV spectrum obtained by the HPLC diode array detector, compared with that of standard patulin, TLC developed by several solvent systems and sprayed with 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone, and by acetylation with acetic anhydride.