This article proposes the possibility of applying fuzzy logic theory to perform the tasks of determining the market value of agricultural lands. These tasks are of a multi-criteria character, as multiple factors are taken into consideration during the land value valuation process. The market value of agricultural land plots, calculated using fuzzy logic methods, can provide a basis for further use in the processes that are directly related to their turnover, that is, during auctioning, setting of a land tax, determining of the value of pawn in the land bank. Methodic approach to the determination of the market value of agricultural lands with the application of the methods of fuzzy logic and the package Fuzzy Logic Toolbox of the computing system Matlab is universal. It can be used for assessment of the value of a land plot with any number of indices, having no crisp mathematic model. The proposed method is particularly useful for countries where the agricultural real estate market is still in its early stages of development and will contribute to making it more transparent and thus it can be a significant tool supporting the sustainable development of the agricultural real estate market. Agricultural land market is a vital ingredient of the system for sustainable development of rural areas.

Due to the high demand on the housing market, it may seem that every investment will find buyers’ interest and the key is its economic dimension. Meanwhile, in the Krakow real estate market, one can observe the trend of SMART market creation, in which the added value is the quality of life of residents of a given investment, especially in terms of using renewable energy sources and ensuring a well-organized space around the investment. The implementation of intelligent energy networks and the widespread use of renewable energy sources will result in more efficient energy transfer, waste recycling, faster identification of the threat and repair after a possible failure. Using, for example, the resources of the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management, the implementation of ecological solutions is not related to the excessive price of such investments, and guarantees a higher quality of life for new owners. The article presents good practices in the design of housing estates in the city of Krakow. One of such closed settlements is "Osiedle Fi", whose location guarantees good public transport, additionally underground parking places a lot of green areas outside, positively affecting the microclimate of the area. The buildings are made of natural materials and the common parts of the property are illuminated from solar energy. The use of renewable energy sources favors both the environment and reduces the cost of maintaining the property. Rainwater is also used. The next smart housing estate is "Osiedle Ozon". It is a comfortable housing estate with functional land development. Among its main attributes, it is worth mentioning a lot of greenery and naturally diversified terrain. There were used plant species, which have the ability to catch harmful chemicals or dust from soil and air. In this work, a statistical analysis was conducted to compare the prices of housing properties in these two selected settlements to the prices of real estate in the area, indicating statistically insignificant differences in the economic aspect, with significant differences in the quality of life of the potential buyer.

The space of rural areas is subject to constant changes in terms of structure and development. The area structure of rural areas, especially in the south and east of Poland, remains unsatisfactory. The weakness of Polish agriculture is the fragmentation of the area structure of its farms; this was due to historical, natural, economic and social factors and, to a large extent, tradition. Therefore, the current status of agricultural land in Poland requires carrying out many arrangement and agricultural operations. In Ukraine, there is also no coherent IT system that would allow for the efficient management of rural space and agriculture. In order to conduct a coherent rural development policy in the region, the self-governments in Poland and in Ukraine are facing the need to expand the existing spatial information infrastructure system. This study is a proposal to expand the spatial information system with elements related only to agricultural surveying. To this end, the concept of building the Agricultural Geodesy Module was created as an element of the region’s spatial information system. The Agricultural Land Surveying Module will be an information repository and will enable powering the region’s database. Data supplying the repository will be divided into source data, operational data, metadata and final studies, such as analyses or reports. These data will not only be used by the local government of the region, but will also be made available to external users.

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Intensive modernization of the cadastre has been implemented in Poland in recent years. During the modernization procedure, land use was updated as well. Obviously, such an update is also carried out on a regular basis, during individual surveying works associated with the real estate cadastre. The article presents an analysis of land-use changes on examples of urban and rural communes in Poland during the period of 2002-2015 (as well as the situation in this aspect in Ukraine). During the analyzed period in Poland, there were two comprehensive modernizations of the cadastre carried out in the study area. The analysis covered two types of usable land: developed agricultural land (Br) and residential areas (B). These two particular types of land use were selected, as the applicable legal provisions in Poland regulating the principles for assigning land use to a specific group changed significantly. At the same time, radically different real estate tax rates are planned for these types of land use. The study also analyzes the changes in the communes' receipts from the taxes that are imposed on the owners of land due to the update of the cadastral survey related to the land-use changes.

The paper reviews the state of research of wave processes in hydraulic systems of machines, and their impact on the quality and stability of hydraulic drives. As noted in the works of previous researchers, these phenomena occur in hydraulic systems and adversely affect the quality and stability of their work, significantly reducing reliability. The method of construction of mathematical models is offered. A mathematical model of the hydraulic system with two series-connected hydraulic motors is built, taking into account transients. The Runge-Kutta-Feldberg method with automatic change of the integration step was used to solve this model. The application of this method makes it possible to estimate the amplitude and frequency of the pressure wave in real time for each part of the pipeline. As a result of the analysis of the obtained transients it was concluded that at the length of the pressure line in a group hydraulic drive with 2 series-connected hydraulic motors up to 1.5 m, wave processes do not significantly affect the system and in the mathematical model they can be ignored. With the length of the pressure line from 1.5 m to 9 m, the wave processes in the cavity do not affect the stability of the system, although significantly impair the quality of its work. Hydraulic systems with a pressure line length of more than 9 m are not recommended for implementation, because the wave processes in the cavity lead to vibrations and noise in the hydraulic system and require additional measures to eliminate the impact of this phenomenon.

Abstract:As an outcome of the state border changes determined by the warfare in Europe during the first half of the 20 th century, some of the migrating population were forced to leave their properties located in what had suddenly become a different country. The country of Poland compensated its citizens for real property losses resulting from leaving such properties outside of the new country borders. The Polish legislation then came out with new procedures that enabled such a property valuation. These are based on the Real Estate Management Act. The valuation is conducted based on similar real property appraisal; properties that are located in comparable market areas within the current borders of Poland. The purpose of the study is to verify whether the determined value corresponds with the current market value within a local real estate market. As an example, we used a sample property located in Lviv. Value estimation was exercised twice -based on data available for the local market (Lviv) and for the market determined according to the comparability to Polish regulations; i.e., on the basis of real estate data in Krakow.

Ефективне управління земельними ресурсами та землекористуванням залежать від достовірності та актуальності даних про них, які забезпечує система Державного земельного кадастру. Враховуючи відношення до процесу земельних відносин та організації використання земель обґрунтовано, що земельний кадастр є самостійною галуззю наукового знання, яка має свій предмет та методи вивчення. Запропоновано перелік спеціальних земельно-кадастрових дисциплін, які формують його як науку та відносяться до різних галузей знань. Ключові слова: земельний кадастр, земельно-кадастрові роботи, геоінформаційна система, наука про земельний кадастр. LAND CADASTER AS AN INDEPENDENT BRANCH OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGEEfficient management of land resources and land use depends on reliability of the data about them, which are supplied by the system of the State Land Cadaster. Considering the process of land relations and organization of land use, the research argues that land cadaster is an independent branch of scientific knowledge, having its subject and methods of study. The work proposes a list of special land-cadaster courses, which form it as a science and belong to different fields of knowledge.