The analysis of tools for uncultivated and surface tillage shows that the market of agricultural machinery lacks universal units that can reliably and efficiently perform both types of tillage with one machine. To assess the validity of the unit baseline model, field studies were conducted, during which key agronomic indicators of tillage quality were identified. Studies have shown that the rate of uncultivated soil exceeds 6.5 km / h, and the degree of soil cracking - more than 80%. At small tillage to a depth of 12 cm at operating speeds over 7.0 km / h. The use of additional working bodies will allow to form on the basis of the basic model of the unit narrower options for a particular car.
The optimal design parameters of the proposed plowing unit, in addition to the plow width of 4.5 m, include rollers of the same width to level the plow surface and the capacity of the fertilizer hopper 4 m3. Technical parameters in the process: plow depth α = 0.2 m, soil resistance coefficient Km = 30 kN/m2, working area Lp = 1000 m. surface treatment will reduce yields.
The energy model of functioning of the agricultural subdivision is presented. Studies have shown that by optimizing the ratio of tractor weight to engine power, you can increase the productivity of agricultural units. For stubble cultivation with a normal humidity of 8 km / h, with a permissible slip of 10%, the optimal parameters for a class 1.4 wheeled tractor will be the working weight m = 4790 kg and engine power N = 69.0 kW. In this case, the thrust will correspond to the 2nd thrust class.
The paper reviews the state of research of wave processes in hydraulic systems of machines, and their impact on the quality and stability of hydraulic drives. As noted in the works of previous researchers, these phenomena occur in hydraulic systems and adversely affect the quality and stability of their work, significantly reducing reliability. The method of construction of mathematical models is offered. A mathematical model of the hydraulic system with two series-connected hydraulic motors is built, taking into account transients. The Runge-Kutta-Feldberg method with automatic change of the integration step was used to solve this model. The application of this method makes it possible to estimate the amplitude and frequency of the pressure wave in real time for each part of the pipeline. As a result of the analysis of the obtained transients it was concluded that at the length of the pressure line in a group hydraulic drive with 2 series-connected hydraulic motors up to 1.5 m, wave processes do not significantly affect the system and in the mathematical model they can be ignored. With the length of the pressure line from 1.5 m to 9 m, the wave processes in the cavity do not affect the stability of the system, although significantly impair the quality of its work. Hydraulic systems with a pressure line length of more than 9 m are not recommended for implementation, because the wave processes in the cavity lead to vibrations and noise in the hydraulic system and require additional measures to eliminate the impact of this phenomenon.
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