The analysis of tools for uncultivated and surface tillage shows that the market of agricultural machinery lacks universal units that can reliably and efficiently perform both types of tillage with one machine. To assess the validity of the unit baseline model, field studies were conducted, during which key agronomic indicators of tillage quality were identified. Studies have shown that the rate of uncultivated soil exceeds 6.5 km / h, and the degree of soil cracking - more than 80%. At small tillage to a depth of 12 cm at operating speeds over 7.0 km / h. The use of additional working bodies will allow to form on the basis of the basic model of the unit narrower options for a particular car. The optimal design parameters of the proposed plowing unit, in addition to the plow width of 4.5 m, include rollers of the same width to level the plow surface and the capacity of the fertilizer hopper 4 m3. Technical parameters in the process: plow depth α = 0.2 m, soil resistance coefficient Km = 30 kN/m2, working area Lp = 1000 m. surface treatment will reduce yields. The energy model of functioning of the agricultural subdivision is presented. Studies have shown that by optimizing the ratio of tractor weight to engine power, you can increase the productivity of agricultural units. For stubble cultivation with a normal humidity of 8 km / h, with a permissible slip of 10%, the optimal parameters for a class 1.4 wheeled tractor will be the working weight m = 4790 kg and engine power N = 69.0 kW. In this case, the thrust will correspond to the 2nd thrust class.
Ukraine is one of the energy-deficient countries because it covers its needs in fuel and energy resources from domestic reserves by only 53% (imports 75% of the required natural gas and 85% of crude oil and petroleum products). Dependence on oil imports is seen by most developed countries as a matter of national and energy security, and the use of petroleum products as energy sources poses a significant environmental risk. According to the analysis of the state of the world engine industry, the most effective measures to improve the design of the engine are: development and implementation of a new workflow with effective methods of mixing and combustion; development and creation of the design of the system of automatic regulation of diesel rotation. frequency to improve fuel economy And to reduce toxicity in partial load mode, some cylinders are switched off at idle. To strengthen the requirements for fuel consumption standards and the level of toxicity of exhaust gases, as well as to increase the reliability and efficiency of agricultural power engines, it is necessary to formulate measures to improve its design. The choice of a fuel should be determined by the optimal combination of environmental and economic performance of the engine. Prospects for the use of a particular fuel of plant origin are noted. If for fuels of petroleum origin the improvement of its properties is determined by special processing, then oils with the set characteristics can be received already in "field" by selection of the corresponding grades of plants, use of fertilizers, agronomic actions, etc. The problem of reducing the consumption of diesel fuel at idle and low load can be solved by excluding from its operation part of the cylinders (this method is widely used) and closing the cycle of one cylinder. A comparative analysis of the main technical and environmental performance of the D-240 diesel engine when working on traditional and alternative fuels using the computer program Diesel-RK.
Modern cars are increasingly equipped with control and diagnostic equipment. These methods are used to optimize the working process in the engine, improve traffic safety and simplify operation and maintenance. You can adjust the chip to your liking, adjust the "performance" of the engine, because comfortable driving conditions give us a lot of pleasure. The current control of technical conditions is carried out by the onboard system of self-diagnostics, which is an integral part of the controller. Problems that occur are signaled visually and stored in electronic memory. The full list of actual settings of codes of self-diagnostics and parameters of working process is carried out on HUNDRED with automobile indicators of brand. The problem is determined only by connecting a tester or scanner to a special diagnostic connector available in the car. However, there are often complaints about objective and comprehensive examinations. Misdiagnosis of "standards" with obvious signs of external problems is often given for many reasons. First of all, the use of information is limited electrical signals. In fact, the state of the circuit of sensors and actuators of engine automation is determined. Degradation of complex structures is usually based on the "domino principle": one local problem leads to another, another to a third, etc., which leads to the complete failure of the whole device. Problems with electricity may not be the cause but the consequences of other problems, including non-electrical causes. For example, the "ringing" of the piston fingers may indicate early inflammation and wear of the relevant components. The instability of the spark discharge in the spark plug may be the result of decompression of the working volume of the cylinder or improper preparation of the working mixture. The problem of the intake manifold or contamination of the fuel injector is usually recognized by the self-diagnostic system as a fault of the lambda detector. The list of such ambiguities can be expanded. When it is necessary to "restore" the accident of "decent age", branded diagnostic equipment may be useless.
The switching scheme of operation of the machine-tractor unit with the use of the power supply system with the fuel mixer and the electronic control unit on the basis of Arduino Uno is presented. This scheme provides a fully adaptive power supply system for biofuels and their mixtures depending on the load-speed indicators and operating modes. The selection of circuit components is carried out. A linear algorithm for writing a control program for the engine power system has been developed, which ensures its energy efficiency and efficiency of the machine-tractor unit. During the operation of the machine-tractor unit there is a constant change of thermal, loading and speed modes. Internal combustion engines during operation usually operate in unstable modes – start, warm up, acceleration, braking, increase and decrease the load, stop. There is a need to develop a method of controlling the work processes of the diesel engine for its operation on a mixture of BF and PSU with electronic control of the fuel mixture depending on the operating modes. Engines are dynamically asymmetrical objects, ie the processes that take place when increasing and decreasing the load on the crankshaft, when starting and stopping the engine, differ from each other. The development of the algorithm for controlling the working processes of the diesel engine when working on a mixture of BF and PSU with electronic control of the fuel mixture depending on the operating modes of the engine will differ. Technical parameters of the diesel engine and power supply system that must be controlled during operation: torque, crankshaft speed, power, coolant temperature, PSU temperature, percentage of fuel mixture. Fuel consumption refers to economic indicators, to environmental – the composition and amount of harmful emissions. The value of these indicators directly depends on the modes of operation.
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