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This research was performed to synthesize the Citrus aurantium L. bloom essential oil nanoemulsion (CABE‐NE) and investigate its cytotoxic and apoptotic impacts on human lung (A549 cells), and further, the effects of CABE‐NE on mice health parameters was determined. The obtained results demonstrated that C. aurantium bloom contained 1.2 ± 0.16% of essential oil with linalyl acetate, limonene, and α‐terpineol as major compounds. The CABE‐NE possessed particle size of 76.9 ± 6.11 nm, PDI of 0.19, and zeta potential of −43.5 mV. The CABE‐NE indicated the cytotoxicity against A549 cells with the IC50 value of 152 µg/ml. The CABE‐NE induced the overexpression of Cas‐3 and triggered the apoptotic cells death. The mice gavaged daily with CABE‐NE at the concentrations of 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight for 30 days did not show any remarkable histopathological alteration in the liver and kidney while exhibited enhancement in the jejunum morpho‐structural architecture and hepatic antioxidant redox potential. Practical applications According to the results, the produced CABE‐NE drug delivery system could be considered as a promising alternative to prevent lung cancer progression and it provides a new way to enhance the therapeutic value of the plant phytochemicals.

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This research was performed to encapsulate the phenolic-rich fraction (PRF) obtained from Ferula gummosa (F. gummosa) leaves by utilizing the spray-drying technique.Further, the physicochemical properties and antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the PRF were evaluated against Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) infection in mice. The results showed that the PRF encapsulated in modified starch, maltodextrin, and whey protein concentrate as wall material possessed a capsulation efficiency of 83.7% with a particle size of 314.6 nm. The phytochemical analysis of developed phytobiotic confirmed the presence of phenolic compounds, including gallic acid, vanillic acid, pyrogallol, cinnamic acid, ellagic acid, naringin, and chrysin. The developed phytobiotic could potentially improve the growth parameters, liver enzymes, and lipid peroxidation, enhance the ileum's morphometric parameters, and inhibit the ileal population of C. jejuni in the mice challenged by C. jejuni infection. Consequently, the phytobiotic developed based on F. gummosa leaf phenolic compounds could be considered a promising natural alternative to antibiotics.

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Background: The present study performs to improve the medicinal properties of Syzygium Aromaticum L by processing S. Aromaticum L. Bud essential oil (SABE) to the Nano Emulsion drug delivery system (SABE-NE) and investigate its anti-tumor and apoptotic impacts on human HT-29 colon cancer cells and to evaluate the toxicity of SABE-NE. Applying the ultra-sonication method and characterization by DLS and FESEM analysis facilitates the nano-emulsification procedure. Then both human cancer (HT-29) and normal (HFF) cell lines were evaluated based on the SABE-NE apoptotic and cytotoxic impacts. In an in-vitro section, flow cytometry method, Cas3 gene profile, AO/PI cell staining, and MTT assays apply to analyze the apoptotic and cytotoxic activities, and in further analysis measuring liver lipid peroxidation and antioxidant genes expression (SOD, CAT, and GPx) investigate in mice organs alterations. Result: As a result, produced 131.2 nm SABE-NE induces apoptosis response and cellular death (Cas3 up-regulation and enhanced SubG1 peaks), and subsequently, the HT-29 cells' viability can reduce significantly, while HFF cells indicate confined cytotoxic impacts. Moreover, in-vivo test results on mice liver demonstrate the cytoprotective properties of SABE-NE (reduced lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant enzymes gene expression and non-detectable cytotoxic impacts).Conclusion: We produced a novel nature nanoemulsion drug delivery system called SABE-NE, which is cell-specific apoptotic inducer and thus can be utilized as an efficient anti-cancer compound for human colon cancer treatment. However, to verify and approve its cell-specific anti-tumor activity, further supplementary studies are required.

Background Microencapsulation technology is the fundamental delivery system for encapsulating the natural bioactive compounds especially phenolic in order to developing bioavailability, stability and controlling release. This study was conducted to determine the antibacterial and health-promoting potential of the phenolic rich extract (PRE)-loaded microcapsules obtained from Polygonum bistorta root as a dietary phytobiotic in mice challenged by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli). Method The PRE was obtained from Polygonum bistorta root using fractionation by different polarity solvents and the highest PRE was encapsulated by the combination of modified starch, maltodextrin, and whey protein concentrate as wall materials using a spray dryer. Then, the physicochemical characterization (particle size, zeta potential, Morphology and polydispersity index) of microcapsules have been assessed. For the invivo study, 30 mice at five treatment were designed and antibacterial properties were analyzed. Furthermore, relative fold changes in the ileum population of E. coli was investigated using Real time PCR. Results The encapsulation of PRE resulted in the production of phenolic enriched extract-loaded microcapsules (PRE-LM) with a mean diameter of 330 nm and relatively high entrapment efficiency (87.2% w/v). The dietary supplementation of PRE-LM improved weight gain, liver enzymes, gene expression, morphometric characteristics of the ileum and decreased the population of E. coli present in the ileum significantly (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our funding suggested PRE-LM as a promising phytobiotic against E. coli infection in mice.