Citrus aurantium L. bloom essential oil nanoemulsion: Synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity, and its potential health impacts on mice

Abstract

This research was performed to synthesize the Citrus aurantium L. bloom essential oil nanoemulsion (CABE‐NE) and investigate its cytotoxic and apoptotic impacts on human lung (A549 cells), and further, the effects of CABE‐NE on mice health parameters was determined. The obtained results demonstrated that C. aurantium bloom contained 1.2 ± 0.16% of essential oil with linalyl acetate, limonene, and α‐terpineol as major compounds. The CABE‐NE possessed particle size of 76.9 ± 6.11 nm, PDI of 0.19, and zeta potential of −43.5 mV. The CABE‐NE indicated the cytotoxicity against A549 cells with the IC50 value of 152 µg/ml. The CABE‐NE induced the overexpression of Cas‐3 and triggered the apoptotic cells death. The mice gavaged daily with CABE‐NE at the concentrations of 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight for 30 days did not show any remarkable histopathological alteration in the liver and kidney while exhibited enhancement in the jejunum morpho‐structural architecture and hepatic antioxidant redox potential. Practical applications According to the results, the produced CABE‐NE drug delivery system could be considered as a promising alternative to prevent lung cancer progression and it provides a new way to enhance the therapeutic value of the plant phytochemicals.

Chitosan nanoparticles containing limonene and limonene-rich essential oils: potential phytotherapy agents for the treatment of melanoma and breast cancers

“…For instance, a study confirmed that by loading limonene into ChiNPs with a particle size of 339.5 nm, its antioxidant became more potent by improving its solubility [ 40 ]. CAEO nanoemulsion showed cytotoxicity against A549 cells with the IC 50 value of 152 μg/mL [ 41 ]. Besides, isolated nanovesicles from C. lemon have been shown an inhibitory effect in a time-dependent manner on cancer cell proliferation in different tumor cell lines by inducing apoptotic cell processes [ 42 ].…”

Synthesis, Characterization and Cytoxicity Evaluation of Syzygium Aromaticum L. Bud (Clove) Essential Oil Nanoemulsion

“…The ratio of essential oil to non-ionic surfactant was 1:3 (v/v). Then, the ultrasonication was applied to homogenate emulsions at 20kHz ultrasonic frequency and 750 watts for 30 minutes sonication [29].…”

“…The last medium passed 10 minutes stirring. In the end, the absorbance at 570 nm was read for all samples utilizing plate reader spectrophotometer [29]. The cells viability was calculated by the following equation: Cell viability (%) = (OD sample/OD control) × 100.…”

“…Finally, we applied an SYBR green PCR Master Mix (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) to amplify cDNA and performed a comparative real-time PCR by applying a Stratagene Mx-3000P real-time thermocycler (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA). Moreover, we performed standard curves to verify the gene ampli cation process [29]. The which were cultured for 48 hours were treated using different concentrations of SABE-NE (15, 32, 62.5, and 125 µg/ml).…”

Nutraceutical Vegetable Oil Nanoformulations for Prevention and Management of Diseases

“…The nanoemulsion of Citrus aurantium L. ( C. aurantium , bitter orange) bloom EO, containing linalyl acetate, limonene, and α-terpineol as major compounds, affected lung cancer progression. This nanoemulsion was able to onset apoptosis in A549 cells, without inducing a remarkable histopathological alteration of liver and kidney in mice, while it exhibited enhancement in the jejunum morpho-structural architecture and hepatic antioxidant redox potential [ 110 ].…”