Synthesis, Characterization and Cytoxicity Evaluation of Syzygium Aromaticum L. Bud (Clove) Essential Oil Nanoemulsion

Abstract

Background: The present study performs to improve the medicinal properties of Syzygium Aromaticum L by processing S. Aromaticum L. Bud essential oil (SABE) to the Nano Emulsion drug delivery system (SABE-NE) and investigate its anti-tumor and apoptotic impacts on human HT-29 colon cancer cells and to evaluate the toxicity of SABE-NE. Applying the ultra-sonication method and characterization by DLS and FESEM analysis facilitates the nano-emulsification procedure. Then both human cancer (HT-29) and normal (HFF) cell lines were evaluated based on the SABE-NE apoptotic and cytotoxic impacts. In an in-vitro section, flow cytometry method, Cas3 gene profile, AO/PI cell staining, and MTT assays apply to analyze the apoptotic and cytotoxic activities, and in further analysis measuring liver lipid peroxidation and antioxidant genes expression (SOD, CAT, and GPx) investigate in mice organs alterations. Result: As a result, produced 131.2 nm SABE-NE induces apoptosis response and cellular death (Cas3 up-regulation and enhanced SubG1 peaks), and subsequently, the HT-29 cells' viability can reduce significantly, while HFF cells indicate confined cytotoxic impacts. Moreover, in-vivo test results on mice liver demonstrate the cytoprotective properties of SABE-NE (reduced lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant enzymes gene expression and non-detectable cytotoxic impacts).Conclusion: We produced a novel nature nanoemulsion drug delivery system called SABE-NE, which is cell-specific apoptotic inducer and thus can be utilized as an efficient anti-cancer compound for human colon cancer treatment. However, to verify and approve its cell-specific anti-tumor activity, further supplementary studies are required.

Synthesis, characterization and anti-breast cancer potential of an incensole acetate nanoemulsion from Catharanthus roseus essential oil; in silico, in vitro, and in vivo study

“…An ultraviolet/visible (UV) spectrophotometer and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis were used to determine the homogeneity of the oil droplets in nanoparticles and a Malvern Zeta sizer was used to determine the size distribution of the nanoemulsion. 36 …”