This research was performed to synthesize the Citrus aurantium L. bloom essential oil nanoemulsion (CABE‐NE) and investigate its cytotoxic and apoptotic impacts on human lung (A549 cells), and further, the effects of CABE‐NE on mice health parameters was determined. The obtained results demonstrated that C. aurantium bloom contained 1.2 ± 0.16% of essential oil with linalyl acetate, limonene, and α‐terpineol as major compounds. The CABE‐NE possessed particle size of 76.9 ± 6.11 nm, PDI of 0.19, and zeta potential of −43.5 mV. The CABE‐NE indicated the cytotoxicity against A549 cells with the IC50 value of 152 µg/ml. The CABE‐NE induced the overexpression of Cas‐3 and triggered the apoptotic cells death. The mice gavaged daily with CABE‐NE at the concentrations of 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight for 30 days did not show any remarkable histopathological alteration in the liver and kidney while exhibited enhancement in the jejunum morpho‐structural architecture and hepatic antioxidant redox potential.
Practical applications
According to the results, the produced CABE‐NE drug delivery system could be considered as a promising alternative to prevent lung cancer progression and it provides a new way to enhance the therapeutic value of the plant phytochemicals.
This research was performed to encapsulate the phenolic-rich fraction (PRF) obtained from Ferula gummosa (F. gummosa) leaves by utilizing the spray-drying technique.Further, the physicochemical properties and antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the PRF were evaluated against Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) infection in mice. The results showed that the PRF encapsulated in modified starch, maltodextrin, and whey protein concentrate as wall material possessed a capsulation efficiency of 83.7% with a particle size of 314.6 nm. The phytochemical analysis of developed phytobiotic confirmed the presence of phenolic compounds, including gallic acid, vanillic acid, pyrogallol, cinnamic acid, ellagic acid, naringin, and chrysin. The developed phytobiotic could potentially improve the growth parameters, liver enzymes, and lipid peroxidation, enhance the ileum's morphometric parameters, and inhibit the ileal population of C. jejuni in the mice challenged by C. jejuni infection. Consequently, the phytobiotic developed based on F. gummosa leaf phenolic compounds could be considered a promising natural alternative to antibiotics.
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