Resistensi Plasmodium terhadap obat malaria mengakibatkan kegagalan pengobatan. Oleh karena itu ketersediaan antimalaria baru sangat diperlukan untuk melawan resistensi. Pencarian obat baru terus dilakukan melalui berbagai cara termasuk eksplorasi tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai antimalaria. Penelitian ini bertujun untuk menentukan aktivitas penghambatan polimerissi hem dari ekstrak etanol daun Cambai Utan (Piper porphyrophyllum) berdasarkan nilai IC50. Pengujian aktivitas penghambatan polimerisasi hem merupakan suatu metode pengujian awal untuk mengetahui potensi antimalaria. Prinsipnya secara in vitro menyerupai mekanisme kerja antimalaria yang menghambat terjadinya polimerisasi hem di dalam Plasmodium. Sampel dan kontrol posistif (klorokuin) dibuat peirngakat konsnetrasi, direaksikan dengan hematin dan asam asetat glasial kemudian diukur absorbansinya pada Elisa Reader panjang gelombang 405 nm, yang dipersamakan pada kurva baku. Nilai persen penghambatan versus konsentrasi dianalisis dengan analisis probit sehingga diperoleh nilai IC50. Persamaan kurva baku yang diperoleh yaitu : y = 0,011x + 0,247. Penghambatan polimerisasi hem ekstrak etanol daun P. porphyrophyllum masing-masing konsentrasi 10; 5; 2,5; 1,25; 0,625; dan 0,3125 mg/mL adalah berturut-turut 91,82 ± 5,47% ; 84,57 ± 6,18 %; 77,28 ± 7,81 %; 68,46 ± 7,51 %; 57,24 ± 6,23 %; 40,50 ± 7,52 %. Nilai IC50 diperoleh menggunakan analisis probit. Analisis probit menunjukkan bahwa IC50 rata-rata untuk ekstrak adalah 0,47 ± 0,09 mg/mL, sedangkan rata-rata IC50 dari klorokuin adalah 4,67 ± 1,17 mg/mL. Ekstrak etanol daun P. porphyrophyllum memiliki aktivitas penghambatan polimerisasi hem dengan nilai IC50 0,47 ± 0,09 mg/mL
MDR-TB (Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis) adalah salah satu jenis TB yang resisten dengan OAT (Obat Anti Tuberculosis) dengan resisten terhadap 2 obat anti tuberculosis yang paling ampuh yaitu rifampisin dan isoniazid. Obat rifampisin dan isoniazid sudah tidak efektif dalam membunuh kuman mycobacterium tuberkulosis dikarenakan kuman yang sudah resisten terhadap obat tersebut. MDR-TB merupakan suatu permasalahan yang menjadi hambatan utama dunia dalam pemberantasan TB. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko apa saja yang dapat berpengaruh pada kejadian tuberkulosis dengan multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) di RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin dengan variabel yang ditinjau adalah pengetahuan, motivasi dan keteraturan minum obat. Metode penelitian dengaan rancangan Cross Sectional dengan metode pengambilan dengan kuesioner. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien dengan diagnosis tuberkulosis multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) dan pasien TB Non MDR yang digunakan sebagai pembanding yang dipilih secara acak. Hasil pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko yang terbukti berpengaruh pada kejadian TB-MDR adalah keteraturan minum obat (p-value< 0,05). Oleh karena itu, untuk mengurangi potensi bertambahnya penderita TB-MDR, maka perlu diperhatikan lagi keteraturan minum obat penderita, memastikan agar penderita benar-benar rutin dan teratur dalam minum obat. MDR-TB (Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis) is one of tuberculosis characterized by resistant to anti-TB drug (Anti Tuberculosis Drug). An MDR-TB event is a resistance event to 2 of the most effective anti-TB drugs which are rifampicin and isoniazid. Rifampicin and isoniazid are no longer effective in killing Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria due to its resistant to the drug. The purpose of this study is to identify any risk factors that can affect the incidence of tuberculosis with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin. The variables in this study were knowledge, motivation and regularity of taking drugs. The research method was a cross sectional design using questionnaire to the patients. The population in this study was all patients with a diagnosis of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and non-MDR TB patients who used as a comparison which were selected randomly. The results of this study indicate that the risk factor that has been shown to influence the incidence of MDR-TB was the regularity of taking medication (p-value <0.05). Therefore, to reduce the potential of MDR-TB sufferers to increase, it is necessary to pay attention to taking drug regularity of patient, ensuring that the patient is really routine and taking medication regularly.Keywords: RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin, MDR-TB (Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis), Tuberculosis
Penyimpanan adalah kegiatan untuk menghindari obat dari kerusakan baik fisik dan kimia serta memastikan kualitas obat tetap terjamin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penyimpanan obat di Instalasi Gudang Farmasi RSUD Ratu Zalecha Martapura berdasarkan indikator USAID. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif non-eksperimental dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional dan pengambilan data dilakukan secara prospektif. Indikator yang dievaluasi yaitu tingkat akurasi persediaan obat, tingkat akurasi penempatan obat, tingkat akurasi pengambilan obat, waktu pemrosesan permintaan obat, pemanfaatan ruang penyimpanan, serta tingkat keamanan di lokasi penyimpanan menurut USAID. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persentase tingkat akurasi persediaan obat 100%, persentase tingkat akurasi penempatan obat sebesar 85%, dan persentase tingkat akurasi pengambilan obat 97%. Waktu yang diperlukan oleh petugas gudang dalam pemrosesan permintaan obat yaitu 3 - 66 menit, persentase pemanfaatan gudang untuk menyimpan obat sebesar 43%, dan terdapat Standar Prosedur Operasional terkait tingkat keamanan obat di gudang penyimpanan obat. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil evaluasi berdasarkan indikator USAID menunjukkan penyimpanan obat di Gudang Farmasi RSUD Ratu Zalecha Martapura masih belum efisien karena masih terdapat indikator yang belum memenuhi standar yaitu indikator tingkat akurasi penempatan obat dan tingkat akurasi pengambilan obat. Storage of medicine is an activity to prevent drugs from physical and chemical damage and to guarantee the quality of drugs. This study aims to evaluate the drug storage at the Installation of Pharmacy in Ratu Zalecha Martapura Hospital based on USAID indicators. This research is a descriptive non-experimental study with a cross-sectional study and prospectively data. The indicators evaluated are the accuracy of drug supplies, the accuracy of drug placement, the accuracy of drug collection, the processing time for drug requests, the utilization of storage space, and the level of security at storage locations according to USAID. The results showed an accurate rate of drug supplies was 100%, percent of the accuracy rate of drug placement was 85%, and percent of the accuracy of drug-taking was 97%. The time required by warehouse officers in processing drug requests is 3 - 66 minutes, the percentage of warehouse used to store drugs is 43%, and there are Standard Operating Procedures related to the safety level of drugs in drug storage warehouses. The conclusion of this research is the evaluation based on USAID indicators show that drug storage in the Pharmacy Warehouse of the Ratu Zalecha Martapura Hospital is still inefficient because there are still indicators that do not meet the standards, namely indicators of the accuracy of drug placement and the accuracy of drug-taking.Keywords : Drug Storage, Warehouse, USAID Indicator, Pharmaceutical Managemen
This study aims to determine the best formulation for the peel-off mask Arachi or peanut (Arachis hypogaea L). Arachis hypogaea kefir as an active ingredient is added with variations in the concentration of F1 (0.5%) and F2 (2%) (w/v). Organoleptic tests, homogeneity, dry time, and pH were carried out on the peel-off mask that had been made. Antioxidant test (DPPH methods) was performed on masks F1 and F2. The results showed that the peel-off mask of A. hypogaea kefir had the best antioxidant activity at a concentration of 2% (F2) kefir with an IC50 value of 1.865 ppm and was very active. The characteristics of the peel-off mask have good physical stability, proven by not experiencing a change in color, odor, being homogeneous, having good dispersion power, and having a dry time ranging from 10-23 minutes. The pH value of the peel-off mask preparation is 4.52, and it is appropriate with SNI and the pH balance of normal human skin. The peel-off mask of A. hypogaea kefir can be produced because has good physical stability and antioxidant activity.
One of the fermented milk products, namely kefir, is increasingly popular because it has many health benefits. Peanut juice has a high enough protein content that it can be used as a substitute for animal milk. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of peanut kefir with variations in the concentration of ragi tape inoculum and fermentation time. This research method used 3 variations in the concentration of tape yeast (1, 2 and 4%) and long fermentation time (24, 48 and 72 hours). The results showed that the highest total LAB was in 4% ragi tape inoculum with a fermentation time of 24 hours (4.4x108 cells/mL) and the lowest was in 4% tape yeast inoculum with a fermentation time of 72 hours (9.8x107 cells/mL) and total yeast between 1x104 cells/mL - 3x105 cells/mL) and alcohol produced <1%. Total acid obtained between 6% - 17.6%. The increase in total acid is proportional to the decrease in pH. The pH of the peanut kefir medium was between 3.44 - 4.12. Peanut kefir with tape yeast inoculum meets the standard requirements for fermented milk and can replace milk kefir.
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