Aktivitas Penghambatan Polimerisasi Hem Ekstrak Etanol Daun Cambai Utan (Piper porphyrophyllum)

Abstract

Resistensi Plasmodium terhadap obat malaria mengakibatkan kegagalan pengobatan. Oleh karena itu ketersediaan antimalaria baru sangat diperlukan untuk melawan resistensi. Pencarian obat baru terus dilakukan melalui berbagai cara termasuk eksplorasi tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai antimalaria. Penelitian ini bertujun untuk menentukan aktivitas penghambatan polimerissi hem dari ekstrak etanol daun Cambai Utan (Piper porphyrophyllum) berdasarkan nilai IC50. Pengujian aktivitas penghambatan polimerisasi hem merupakan suatu metode pengujian awal untuk mengetahui potensi antimalaria. Prinsipnya secara in vitro menyerupai mekanisme kerja antimalaria yang menghambat terjadinya polimerisasi hem di dalam Plasmodium. Sampel dan kontrol posistif (klorokuin) dibuat peirngakat konsnetrasi, direaksikan dengan hematin dan asam asetat glasial kemudian diukur absorbansinya pada Elisa Reader panjang gelombang 405 nm, yang dipersamakan pada kurva baku. Nilai persen penghambatan versus konsentrasi dianalisis dengan analisis probit sehingga diperoleh nilai IC50. Persamaan kurva baku yang diperoleh yaitu : y = 0,011x + 0,247. Penghambatan polimerisasi hem ekstrak etanol daun P. porphyrophyllum masing-masing konsentrasi 10; 5; 2,5; 1,25; 0,625; dan 0,3125 mg/mL adalah berturut-turut 91,82 ± 5,47% ; 84,57 ± 6,18 %; 77,28 ± 7,81 %; 68,46 ± 7,51 %; 57,24 ± 6,23 %; 40,50 ± 7,52 %. Nilai IC50 diperoleh menggunakan analisis probit. Analisis probit menunjukkan bahwa IC50 rata-rata untuk ekstrak adalah 0,47 ± 0,09 mg/mL, sedangkan rata-rata IC50 dari klorokuin adalah 4,67 ± 1,17 mg/mL. Ekstrak etanol daun P. porphyrophyllum memiliki aktivitas penghambatan polimerisasi hem dengan nilai IC50 0,47 ± 0,09 mg/mL

Synthesis, Chemical–Physical Characterization, and Biomedical Applications of Functional Gold Nanoparticles: A Review

“…Even if a great number of research has shown low AuNP cytotoxicity [210], the wide available literature includes contradictory data because of the diverse cell lines, cell viability assays, the chemical routes employed for AuNP synthesis [211], and the absence of standard safety protocols. Several research studies have been conducted focusing on the relationship between the AuNP properties and cell death mechanisms for different types of tumor cells, and the cellular mechanisms studied are apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy [212]. It was shown that smaller AuNPs tended to induce more necrosis, and hexagonal ones and nanorods causes more apoptosis, while AuNPs with hydrophobic functions induced greater apoptosis and autophagy than hydrophilic ones.…”

Identifying Trends in Gold Nanoparticle Toxicity and Uptake: Size, Shape, Capping Ligand, and Biological Corona

“…31,32 Studies of PC3 cells have also shown decreased internalization of particles in the presence of serum. 6 When our group recently compared the interaction of gold nanoparticles of different morphologies (spheres, cubes, prisms, and rods) yet coated with the same surfactant (CTAB) with the human serum, we noted that the strength of serum−nanoparticle interactions is remarkably influenced by the particle morphol-ogy. 33 Another study from our group on Ag nanoparticles of similar shape and size yet of different capping agents has revealed that the surface ligands also greatly influence the nanoparticle−serum interactions.…”

Hybrid Nanosystems for Biomedical Applications

“…Variation of nanoscale gold geometry has been shown to affect its optical properties, the available surface area, and transport properties. 18 Gold nanostructures display self-therapeutic properties to fight cancers, including inhibition of tumoral angiogenesis, 19,20 inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling to reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer, 21 and alteration of nonviral gene delivery uptake pathways to avoid lysosomal degradation. 22 Alternatively, nanoscale gold is readily modified by electrostatic interactions or gold−thiol (Au−S) bonds, allowing facile functionalization with a variety of therapeutics, polymers, and targeting ligands.…”