Resistensi Plasmodium terhadap obat malaria mengakibatkan kegagalan pengobatan. Oleh karena itu ketersediaan antimalaria baru sangat diperlukan untuk melawan resistensi. Pencarian obat baru terus dilakukan melalui berbagai cara termasuk eksplorasi tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai antimalaria. Penelitian ini bertujun untuk menentukan aktivitas penghambatan polimerissi hem dari ekstrak etanol daun Cambai Utan (Piper porphyrophyllum) berdasarkan nilai IC50. Pengujian aktivitas penghambatan polimerisasi hem merupakan suatu metode pengujian awal untuk mengetahui potensi antimalaria. Prinsipnya secara in vitro menyerupai mekanisme kerja antimalaria yang menghambat terjadinya polimerisasi hem di dalam Plasmodium. Sampel dan kontrol posistif (klorokuin) dibuat peirngakat konsnetrasi, direaksikan dengan hematin dan asam asetat glasial kemudian diukur absorbansinya pada Elisa Reader panjang gelombang 405 nm, yang dipersamakan pada kurva baku. Nilai persen penghambatan versus konsentrasi dianalisis dengan analisis probit sehingga diperoleh nilai IC50. Persamaan kurva baku yang diperoleh yaitu : y = 0,011x + 0,247. Penghambatan polimerisasi hem ekstrak etanol daun P. porphyrophyllum masing-masing konsentrasi 10; 5; 2,5; 1,25; 0,625; dan 0,3125 mg/mL adalah berturut-turut 91,82 ± 5,47% ; 84,57 ± 6,18 %; 77,28 ± 7,81 %; 68,46 ± 7,51 %; 57,24 ± 6,23 %; 40,50 ± 7,52 %. Nilai IC50 diperoleh menggunakan analisis probit. Analisis probit menunjukkan bahwa IC50 rata-rata untuk ekstrak adalah 0,47 ± 0,09 mg/mL, sedangkan rata-rata IC50 dari klorokuin adalah 4,67 ± 1,17 mg/mL. Ekstrak etanol daun P. porphyrophyllum memiliki aktivitas penghambatan polimerisasi hem dengan nilai IC50 0,47 ± 0,09 mg/mL
Mundar (Garcinia forbesii King.) is a plant from South Kalimantan. This plant has chemical contents that have potential as medicine. The purpose of this study is to provide a pharmacognostic picture of a specific, nonspecific and determine the antioxidant activity of G. forbesii leaves. Specific parameters include organoleptic, microscopic testing, thin-layer chromatography profiles, and phytochemical screening. Nonspecific parameters include total ash content, acid insoluble ash content, drying loss, water-soluble extract content, and ethanol-soluble extract content. Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH method based on IC50 values. Specific parameter test results are green powder, characteristic odor, and sour taste. Microscopic tests showed stomata, upper epidermis, lower epidermis, cell walls, xylem, phloem, palisade tissue, spongy tissue, and cuticles. Garcinia forbesii leaves contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and steroids. The TLC profile showed good separation of polar eluents, and yellow spots appeared after spraying DPPH reagents. The non-specific parameter test is the total ash content of 6.52�0.1%; acid insoluble ash content 1.06�0.08%; drying shrinkage 6.43�0.38%; water-soluble extracts 34.3�0.3%; and ethanol-soluble extracts 23.47�0.35%. Ethanol extract of G. forbesii leaves has antioxidant activity with IC50 of 65.7 ppm. Pharmacognostic study fulfills the requirements, and G. forbesii leaves extract has strong antioxidant activity.
Purun Danau (Lepironia articulata (Retz.) Domin) has been shown to have antimalarial and antioxidant activity. This study aimed to standardize simplicia and extract of L. articulata by determining the value of its specific and non-specific parameters. A sampling of L. articulata rhizome was carried out in Guntung Manggis, Haur Gading, and Halat. The standardization method used was based on the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia and the General Standard Parameter of Extract. The organoleptic observations showed that L. articulata simplicia was reddish-brown in color, chelated taste, and had a specific odor. Microscopic observation showed parts of this plant: epidermis, cortex, endodermis, parenchyma, bundle vessels, and scalariform vessels. Ethanol-soluble extract content was 10.00-12.66%, water-soluble extract content 8.03-10.87%, drying shrinkage 7.10-7.33%, total ash content 2.03-2.52%, acid-insoluble ash 0.33-0.42%, Pb content 5.698-9.989 ppm, Cd content 0.300-0.500 ppm, Hg content 0.070-0.090 ppm. Ethanol extract of L. articulata rhizome contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, and saponins. The yield obtained was 8.05-11.23%, total ash content was 1.58-1.67%, acid-insoluble ash was 0.23-0.33%, and water content was 7.10-8.50%. Standardization of simplicia and ethanol extract of L. articulata rhizome has met the criteria.
Racun ayam is one of the plants which has several activities in its fruits, one of which is an antibacterial. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of racun ayam leaves. The extraction was done by maceration method using ethanol as a solvent. Antibacterial activity assay was carried out on S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa bacteria by disk diffusion method at the concentrations of 80, 100, and 120 ppm. The results showed that the ethanol extract of B. javanica leaves had the greatest inhibition zone on E. coli with inhibition zone diameter values ​​at 80, 100, and 120 ppm were 11.7 mm, 14.5 mm and 19.67 mm respectively. Inhibition zones in S. aureus could only be seen at 100 and 120 ppm which had inhibition zone diameters at 1.17 mm and 2.17 mm respectively, whereas in P. aeruginosa they did not have any inhibitory zone values. The results of statistical analysis showed a significance of the inhibition zone diameter values ​​of E. coli bacteria starting at 80 ppm with a sig value of 0.034. Due to a sig value was <0.05, it was categorized as significantly different from the negative control. The bacteria of S. aureus which had ​​<0.05 for sig values only found on 100 ppm and 120 ppm. Bacteria P. aeruginosa which had sig value >0.05 was not significantly different at all concentrations
ABSTRAK Kasturi (Mangifera casturi Kosterm.) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan endemik Kalimantan Selatan. Kulit batang M. casturi mengandung beberapa golongan senyawa yang berpotensi sebagai obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan data hasil analisis farmakognostik, batas-batas maksimal kandungan senyawa tertentu dan profil kromatogram kandungan kimia ekstrak metanol kulit batang M. casturi. Analisis farmakognostik terhadap tumbuhan meliputi morfologi, anatomi, dan identifikasi kandungan kimia. Batasan maksimal kandungan senyawa tertentu berdasarkan parameter non spesifik meliputi kadar air, kadar abu total, kadar abu tidak larut asam, total bakteri dan kapang, dan kadar Pb dalam ekstrak. Karakteristik tumbuhan M. casturi yaitu memiliki batang berwarna coklat tua dengan permukaan kasar dan bergetah, daun berwarna hijau, berbentuk lancet, kulit buah matang berwarna coklat keunguan, daging buah berwarna kuning terang hingga jingga, berbau khas, berasa manis agak asam dan banyak mengandung serabut. M. casturi mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, fenol dan saponin yang dibuktikan berdasarkan uji identifikasi kimia dan analisis secara KLT. Pengujian parameter non spesifik ekstrak metanol kulit batang M. casturi secara berturut-turut yaitu, kadar air 12,5±0,7%; kadar abu total 1,0±0,5%; kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,67±0,28%; tidak terdeteksi adanya pertumbuhan bakteri pada ekstrak kulit batang M. casturi; sedangkan total kapang yaitu 250 koloni/g; dan kadar Pb yaitu 3 mg/kg. Kata Kunci: Kasturi, analisis, farmakognostik, Mangifera casturi, parameter non spesifik ABSTRACT Kasturi (Mangefera casturi Kosterm.) is one of the endemic plants of South Kalimantan. M. casturi bark contain several group of compounds potential to the treatment. This research aims to provide data analysis results pharmacognostic, maximum limits of certain compounds and profile chromatogram of chemical content of methanol extract from M. casturi bark. Pharmacognostic analysis of the plant include morphology, anatomy, and the identification of compounds. The maximum limits of certain coumpounds by non-specific parameters include water content, total ash, ash content insoluble in acid, total bacteria and fungi, and Pb content in the extract. M. casturi characteristic is having dark-brown stems with roughly surface and sticky, green leaves, lancet-shapes, fruit skin has a purplish brown colour, flesh of fruit has a bright yellow till orange colour, distinctive smell, slightly sour sweet taste, and contains lots of fiber. M. casturi bark contains alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, and saponins that has been proved by chemical identification test and analysis of TLC. Non-specific parameter testing about methanol extract of M. casturi bark consecutively given, water content 12,5±0,7%; total ash 1,0±0,5%; ash content insoluble in acid 0,67±0,28%; undetected any bacterial contamination in the extract of M. casturi bark; while the total mold contamination is 250 colonies/g; and Pb contents is 3 mg/kg. Key words: Kasturi, pharmacognostic analysis, Mangifera casturi, non-specific parameter
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