Root ceplukan (Physalis angulata L.) is one of the medicinal plants that contain several active compounds that are antibacterial. This study aims to prove the antibacterial activity of root ceplukan extract againsts Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. Root ceplukan was extracted by maceration with ethanol 70%. Root root extracts of phytochemical screening include flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins. The ceplukan root extract was then tested against S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa bacteria using wells method with concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%, aquades as a negative control and amikacin as a positive control. Inhibitory zone diameter with each concentration for P. aeruginosa bacteria, among others, negative control = 0 mm, positive control = 21,623 mm, 100% = 16.9 mm, 80% = 15.05 mm, 60% = 13.703 mm, 40% = 12.02 mm, 20% = 12.02 mm and S. epidermidis bacteria have inhibitory zone at positive control of 21,623 mm. The results of this study showed that root extract ceplukan proved to have inhibition zone against bacteria P. aeruginosa at all concentrations but has no inhibition zone against S. epidermidis bacteria. Root ceplukan extract has a minimum inhibitory concentration of 14% and a minimum bacterisid concentration of 20%, against P. aeruginosa bacteria. The results of phytochemical analysis showed that root ceplukan positively contain flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins are suspected as antibacterial compounds. Keywords : Antibacterial, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Ceplukan root extract
Chloroform Fraction of Extract Cucumber Fruit (Cucumis sativus L.) as of Antibacterial Staphylococcus epidermidis. The use of antibiotics in the community massively trigger resistance to bacteria, to that need for research on other alternatives, especially herbal medicine as an antibacterial. One of the medicinal plants are cucumbers that are widely available in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to scientifically prove the antibacterial activity of chloroform fraction cucumber extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Extraction cucumber done by maceration, then extract fractionated with chloroform. The fraction was used the concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Then tested the antibacterial power and determination of the MIC. Results of test antibacterial of the extract chloroform of cucumber against S. epidermidis showed a zone of inhibition at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% diameter respectively 5.86 mm, 6.5 mm, 7.05 mm, 7.43 mm, and 9.92 mm, in addition to it tested the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum inhibitory concentrations of chloroform fraction extract cucumber fruit against S. epidermidis is at a concentration of 3%. The results obtained from the culture media growth on NA which means the fraction of the chloroform extract of cucumber in 3% is bacteriostatic. Keywords: Cucumber fruit, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Chloroform Abstrak: Fraksi Kloroform Ekstrak Buah Mentimun (Cucumis sativus L.) Sebagai Antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis.Penggunaan antibiotik secara besar-besaran di masyarakat memicu terjadinya resistensi terhadap bakteri, Untuk itu perlu adanya penelitian tentang alternatif lain terutama obat herbal sebagai antibakteri. Satu di antara tanaman berkhasiat obat adalah mentimun yang banyak terdapat di Indonesia.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan daya antibakteri fraksi kloroform ekstrak buah mentimun terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis. Ekstraksi buah mentimun dilakukan dengan cara maserasi dengan etanol 70%, selanjutnya ekstrak difraksinasi dengan kloroform. Fraksi yang digunakan adalah konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, dan 25%. Kemudian dilakukan uji daya antibakteri dan penentuan KHM. Hasil penelitian uji daya antibakteri fraksi kloroform ekstrak buah mentimun terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis menunjukan adanya zona hambat pada konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% dengan diameter masing-masing 5.86mm, 6.5mm, 7.05mm, 7.43mm dan 9.92mm. Selain itu, konsentrasi hambat minimum fraksi kloroform ekstrak buah mentimun terhadap S. epidermidis terdapat pada konsentrasi 3%. Dari hasil kultur ulang didapatkan pertumbuhan pada media NA yang berarti fraksi kloroform ekstrak buah mentimun pada konsentrasi 3% bersifat bakteriostatik.
One of the fermented milk products, namely kefir, is increasingly popular because it has many health benefits. Peanut juice has a high enough protein content that it can be used as a substitute for animal milk. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of peanut kefir with variations in the concentration of ragi tape inoculum and fermentation time. This research method used 3 variations in the concentration of tape yeast (1, 2 and 4%) and long fermentation time (24, 48 and 72 hours). The results showed that the highest total LAB was in 4% ragi tape inoculum with a fermentation time of 24 hours (4.4x108 cells/mL) and the lowest was in 4% tape yeast inoculum with a fermentation time of 72 hours (9.8x107 cells/mL) and total yeast between 1x104 cells/mL - 3x105 cells/mL) and alcohol produced <1%. Total acid obtained between 6% - 17.6%. The increase in total acid is proportional to the decrease in pH. The pH of the peanut kefir medium was between 3.44 - 4.12. Peanut kefir with tape yeast inoculum meets the standard requirements for fermented milk and can replace milk kefir.
This study aims to determine the best formulation for the peel-off mask Arachi or peanut (Arachis hypogaea L). Arachis hypogaea kefir as an active ingredient is added with variations in the concentration of F1 (0.5%) and F2 (2%) (w/v). Organoleptic tests, homogeneity, dry time, and pH were carried out on the peel-off mask that had been made. Antioxidant test (DPPH methods) was performed on masks F1 and F2. The results showed that the peel-off mask of A. hypogaea kefir had the best antioxidant activity at a concentration of 2% (F2) kefir with an IC50 value of 1.865 ppm and was very active. The characteristics of the peel-off mask have good physical stability, proven by not experiencing a change in color, odor, being homogeneous, having good dispersion power, and having a dry time ranging from 10-23 minutes. The pH value of the peel-off mask preparation is 4.52, and it is appropriate with SNI and the pH balance of normal human skin. The peel-off mask of A. hypogaea kefir can be produced because has good physical stability and antioxidant activity.
ABSTRAK Sediaan salep esktrak buah mengkudu telah terbukti sebagai antibakteri, namun esktrak tanaman pada umumnya sangat mudah terdegradasi oleh pH, cahaya dan suhu, oleh karena itu pemanfaatan Zeolit Alam Lampung (ZAL) dengan keistimewaan struktur morfologinya diharapkan mampu mempertahankan kestabilan sediaan salep hingga suhu tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi ZAL sebagai penstabil sediaan salep dengan menghitung perubahan prosentase zona hambat bakteri pada sediaan salep sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan penyimpanan pada suhu 40oC. Penelitian ini meliputi tiga tahap utama yakni pertama formulasi salep ekstrak buah mengkudu kombinasi Zeolit Alam Lampung (ZAL) dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak 10%+ZAL, 15%+ZAL, 30%+ZAL, KZ (Kontrol Zeolit tanpa esktrak) dan KE (Kontrol Ekstrak tanpa zeolit) yang kemudian dilakukan evaluasi sediaan salep. Tahap kedua seluruh sampel dilakukan uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus pada sediaan salep, dan tahap ketiga seluruh sampel disimpan pada suhu 40oC selama 24 jam, kemudian diuji aktivitas antibakteri kembali terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh sampel sebelum dilakukan penyimpanan pada suhu 40oC menunjukkan respon zona hambat bakteri yang kuat kecuali KZ. Setelah dilakukan penyimpanan pada suhu 40oC, terjadi penurunan zona hambat pada KE dan Ekstrak 10%+ZAL sebesar 100% dan 36,81%. Hal yang menarik terjadi pada Esktrak 15%+ZAL dan 30%+ZAL, yakni terjadi kenaikan zona hambat sebesar 35,20 % dan 31,32%. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan nilai Asymp. Sig (0,016) < nilai p (0,01) maka H0 ditolak sehingga dilakukan uji lanjut Tukey yang menunjukkan terjadi perbedaan yang signifikan antar kelompok uji. Dari penjelasan tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ZAL mampu meningkatkan kinerja sediaan salep ekstrak buah mengkudu terutama pada konsentrasi 15% dan 30% dalam menghambat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus sehingga sediaan salep esktrak buah mengkudu kombinasi ZAL dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif obat pengganti obat sintetik kimiawi. Kata kunci : Zeolit, Salep, M.citrifolia L, Staphylococcus aureus ABSTRACT Noni extract ointment has been proven to be antibacterial, but plant extracts are generally very easily degraded by pH, light and temperature, therefore the use of Lampung Natural Zeolite (ZAL) with its special morphological structure is expected to be able to maintain the stability of ointment preparations to high temperatures. This study aims to determine the potential of ZAL as a stabilizer for ointment preparations by calculating the change in the percentage of bacterial inhibition zones in ointment preparations before and after storage at 40oC. This study includes three main stages, namely the first formulation of noni extracts from Lampung Natural Zeolite extract (ZAL) with variations in extract concentration of 10% + ZAL, 15% + ZAL, 30% + ZAL, KZ (Zeolite control without extract) and KE (Control Extract without zeolite) which then evaluated the ointment preparation. The second stage of all samples was tested for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in ointment preparations, and the third stage all samples were stored at 40oC for 24 hours, then tested for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that all samples before storage at 40oC showed a strong inhibitory zone response except KZ. After storage at 40oC, there was a decrease in inhibition zones at KE and Extract 10% + ZAL by 100% and 36.81%. An interesting thing happened at the Extract 15% + ZAL and 30% + ZAL, namely an increase in inhibition zones of 35.20% and 31.32%. Statistical test results indicate the Asymp value. Sig (0.016) >p value (0.01) then H0 is accepted, so Tukey's further tests show that there are significant differences between the test groups. From this explanation it can be concluded that ZAL can improve the performance of noni fruit extract ointment especially at concentrations of 15% and 30% in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus bacteria so that the ZAL noni extract extract can be used as an alternative drug for chemical synthetic drugs. Keywords : Zeolite, Ointment, M.citrifolia L, Staphylococcus aureus
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