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Dynamic characteristics of Cr(VI) sorption on used black tea leaves (UBTLs) as a low-cost adsorbent are studied. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of Cr(VI) concentration, solution pH and temperature on the removal process. Both of adsorption and reduction, involved in the process, are affected by the processing parameters. The adsorption kinetics is described successfully using pseudo-second order rate equation and the rate constant decreases with increasing the initial concentration of Cr(VI) up to 150 mg/L (for 0.1 g/L UBTLs) then becomes slow. Experimental and calculated kinetic data for equilibrium are well expressed by Langmuir isotherm. The solution pH has a profound effect on the adsorption rate. The rate constant increases linearly with an increase in temperature, and the low value of activation energy of adsorption, 16.3 kJ/mol, indicates that Cr(VI) is easily adsorbed on UBTLs. The maximum Cr(VI) adsorptive conditions, with a minimum reduction, were achieved from the dynamics of operational parameters: the initial Cr(VI) concentration <150 mg/L (for 0.1 g/L UBTLs); the initial solution pH = 1.54-2.00 and the processing temperature <50 • C, for the possibility of its practical application.

This study was carried out to compare the performance of broilers fed diets containing only vegetable protein (VP) with birds that received an animal protein (AP) in their diets. Cobb 500 day-old male broiler chicks (n = 256) were randomly divided into four experimental groups. The two AP diets contained fish meal and soybean (SBF) and fish meal with canola (CMF); while the two VP diets contained predominantly soybean (SBM) or canola (CAN) meals. All diets were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous, and were pelleted, but amino acid levels were formulated on a total and not digestible basis. Feed intake up to 21 days was highest on the AP diets, and the lowest in the SBM treatment. Birds in the AP diet groups were significantly heavier at 21 days and 35 days than those on the VP diets. Up to 35 days, birds on AP diets had superior feed conversion ratio, while the CAN treatment was the poorest. Excreta moisture level was significantly higher in birds fed the VP diets than those on AP diets. Excreta pH and ammonia concentration were similar between treatments. Protein digestibility was higher in the AP than in the VP diets. Birds raised on VP diets had a significantly lower abdominal fat content than birds on the AP diets. Other meat characteristics measured in this experiment did not differ significantly. Bone development, in terms of breaking strength and latency-to-sit time, was significantly better on the AP diets than that of birds on the VP diets. The birds on the CMF diet had the longest tibia bone, while birds on SBM diet, the shortest. Total tibia ash content on the CMF diet was significantly increased, along with its iron and copper concentration, which were also significantly higher in birds on the same diet than the others. The responses of birds generally indicated that the AP diets were superior to the VP diets.________________________________________________________________________________

This work deals with the synthesis, characterization, and application of carbon nanoparticles (CNP) adorned graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite materials. Here we mainly focus on an emerging topic in modern research field presenting GO-CNP nanocomposite as a infrared (IR) radiation detector device. GO-CNP thin film devices were fabricated from liquid phase at ambient condition where no modifying treatments were necessary. It works with no cooling treatment and also for stationary objects. A sharp response of human body IR radiation was detected with time constants of 3 and 36 sec and radiation responsivity was 3 mAW−1. The current also rises for quite a long time before saturation. This work discusses state-of-the-art material developing technique based on near-infrared photon absorption and their use in field deployable instrument for real-world applications. GO-CNP-based thin solid composite films also offer its potentiality to be utilized as p-type absorber material in thin film solar cell, as well.

A study with a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement was conducted to investigate the effects of 4 dietary protein levels and 2 environmental conditions on acute phase proteins (APP), brain heat shock protein (HSP) 70 density, and growth performance of broiler chickens. Day-old broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were fed isocaloric diets but with various levels of crude protein (CP), namely, (1) 21.0 and 19.0% CP in starter and finisher diets, respectively (control), (2) 19.5 and 17.5% CP in starter and finisher diets, respectively (Diet A), (3) 18.0 and 16.0% CP in starter and finisher diets, respectively (Diet B), and (4) 16.5 and 14.5% CP in starter and finisher diets, respectively (Diet C). Equal numbers of birds from each diet were subjected to either 23±1°C throughout or 33±1°C for 6 h per d from 22 to 35 d of age. From d 1 to 21, feed intake (FI) and weight gain (WG) decreased linearly (P = 0.021 and P = 0.009, respectively), as CP level was reduced. During the heat treatment period (d 22 to 35), there were significant (P = 0.04) diet × heat treatment interactions for FCR. Diet had no effect on FCR among the unheated birds, but the ratio increased linearly (P = 0.007) as dietary CP level decreased. Irrespective of ambient temperature, there was a significant linear decrease in FI (P = 0.032) and WG (P < 0.001) as dietary CP level decreased. Low-CP diets improved the survivability of heat-stressed broilers when compared to those fed control diets. Low-CP diets linearly decreased (P < 0.01) APP (ovotransferrin and alpha-acid glycoprotein) responses. Both APP and HSP 70 reactions were elevated following heat treatment. In conclusion, feeding broilers with low-CP diets adversely affect the growth performance of broilers under heat stress condition. However, low-CP diets were beneficial in improving the survivability. Because APP are involved in the restoration of homeostasis, the adverse effect of low-CP diet on the synthesis of these proteins could be of concern.

Rhodamine B (Rh-B) is one of the most common pollutants in the effluents of textile industries effluents in developing countries. This study was carried out to evaluate the applicability of used black tea leaves (UBTL) for the adsorptive removal of Rh-B from aqueous system by investigating the adsorption kinetics in batch process. The effects of concentration and temperature on adsorption kinetics were examined. First-, second- and pseudo-second order kinetic equations were used to investigate the adsorption mechanism. The adsorption of Rh-B on UBTL followed pseudo-second order kinetics. The equilibrium amount adsorbed and the equilibrium concentration were calculated from pseudo-second-order kinetic plots for different initial concentrations of Rh-B to construct the adsorption isotherm. The adsorption isotherm was well expressed by Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption capacity of UBTL to Rh-B was found to be 53.2 mg/g at pH = 2.0. The equilibrium amount adsorbed, calculated from pseudo-second-order kinetic plots, increased with temperature increase. The positive value of enthalpy of adsorption, ΔHads = 31.22 kJ/mol, suggested that the adsorption of Rh-B on UBTL at pH = 2.0 is an endothermic process.

No abstract

An experiment was carried out at the Biotechnology Laboratory of Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute (BSRI), Ishurdi, Pabna for the development of drought tolerant somaclones. Five sugarcane varieties viz. Isd 20, Isd 35, Isd 36, Isd 37 and Isd 38 were used as plant material. Unexpanded spindle leaf sheaths were used as explants in tissue culture. In the first culture, the MS medium (BM) was supplemented with 2,4-D (3 mgL-1) and coconut water (10 %) for callus induction. The callus was then sub-cultured on fresh BM with BAP (2.0 mgL-1) and Kinetin (1.0 mgL-1) for plantlet initiation (2nd culture). In the third culture, initiated plantlets were sub-cultured again on fresh BM contained NAA (5.0 mgL-1) for root development. In all cultures BM was supplemented with 0.0, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% poly ethylene glycol (PEG) and was semi solidified with 0.6% agar to select somaclone variant plantlets of sugarcane in vitro. In the first culture 100% explants initiated callus on medium supplemented with no PEG. Callus induction, proliferation and plantlet regeneration decreased with increased level of PEG. At 7.5% PEG, the callus induction was highest (80%) in varieties Isd 35 and Isd 38. Callus was induced but became reddish black and senescence within 40 days on BM supplemented with 10.0 % PEG. Both shoot and root production decreased with increased PEG level in the medium. At 7.5 % PEG in BM, the highest shoot number was in Isd 38 (5.5 per culture), root number (7.6 per shoot) and root length (1.2 cm) were in the variety Isd 38. The highest shoot length was in Isd 37 and Isd 38 (1.8 cm). Survival percentage of in vitro regenerated plantlets was 100 % during hardening in low cost polythene house and in establishment in the field. Keywords: Somaclone; sugarcane; drought stress; plantlet; in vitro DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v9i1-2.9475 The Agriculturists 2011; 9(1&2): 18-28