Production of Somaclone <i>In vitro</i> for Drought Stress Tolerant Plantlet Selection in Sugarcane (<i>Saccharum officinarum</i> L.)

Abstract

An experiment was carried out at the Biotechnology Laboratory of Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute (BSRI), Ishurdi, Pabna for the development of drought tolerant somaclones. Five sugarcane varieties viz. Isd 20, Isd 35, Isd 36, Isd 37 and Isd 38 were used as plant material. Unexpanded spindle leaf sheaths were used as explants in tissue culture. In the first culture, the MS medium (BM) was supplemented with 2,4-D (3 mgL-1) and coconut water (10 %) for callus induction. The callus was then sub-cultured on fresh BM with BAP (2.0 mgL-1) and Kinetin (1.0 mgL-1) for plantlet initiation (2nd culture). In the third culture, initiated plantlets were sub-cultured again on fresh BM contained NAA (5.0 mgL-1) for root development. In all cultures BM was supplemented with 0.0, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% poly ethylene glycol (PEG) and was semi solidified with 0.6% agar to select somaclone variant plantlets of sugarcane in vitro. In the first culture 100% explants initiated callus on medium supplemented with no PEG. Callus induction, proliferation and plantlet regeneration decreased with increased level of PEG. At 7.5% PEG, the callus induction was highest (80%) in varieties Isd 35 and Isd 38. Callus was induced but became reddish black and senescence within 40 days on BM supplemented with 10.0 % PEG. Both shoot and root production decreased with increased PEG level in the medium. At 7.5 % PEG in BM, the highest shoot number was in Isd 38 (5.5 per culture), root number (7.6 per shoot) and root length (1.2 cm) were in the variety Isd 38. The highest shoot length was in Isd 37 and Isd 38 (1.8 cm). Survival percentage of in vitro regenerated plantlets was 100 % during hardening in low cost polythene house and in establishment in the field. Keywords: Somaclone; sugarcane; drought stress; plantlet; in vitro DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v9i1-2.9475 The Agriculturists 2011; 9(1&amp;2): 18-28

In vitro selection of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) for polyethylene glycol (PEG) induced drought stress

“…Seminal and lateral root growth enhances water uptake which is much needed to sustain growth under severe moisture deficit conditions. The result is in agreement with Begum et al (2011) in which root initiation on culture media supplemented with different level of PEG increased RN in sugarcane after one week.…”

In Vitro Selection of the Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) Accessions under the Polyethylene Glycol Mediated Drought Stress Conditions

“…Tolerant accessions must have the highest and robust root growth in comparison to sensitive accessions. Severe reduction in root length is observed in cereals [26], [27].…”

In vitro selection and characterization of polyethylene glycol (PEG) tolerant callus lines and regeneration of plantlets from the selected callus lines in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)

“…Sugarcane requires 10-12 months from planting to harvesting and faces severe drought and other factors. Drought is one of the principal environmental stress which constraint sugarcane production (Begum et al 2011). Increasing crop production in drought environment may be achieved through breeding crops that are more tolerant to drought.…”

“…Musa (2011) used PEG as selection agent to screen some sugarcane varieties for drought tolerance; however the author has not attempted selection of callus lines for PEG (Drought) tolerance. Begum et al (2011) has screened tissue culture raised sugarcane somaclones for drought tolerance using PEG as selection agent. The aim of the present investigation is to select callus lines tolerant to PEG and characterize calli lines with respect to growth Osmolytes accumulation and activity of antioxidant enzymes and compare with non selected callus lines.…”