Background Intensive physical exercise that competitive sports athletes participate in can negatively affect their pro-oxidative–antioxidant balance. Compounds with high antioxidant potential, such as those present in chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa), can prevent these adverse changes. We here investigated the effect of antioxidant supplementation on oxidative stress balance in young footballers. Methods The study was designed as a double-blind randomized trial. Diet of a group of young football players (male; n = 20; mean age, 15.8 years-old) was supplemented with 200 ml of chokeberry juice per day, for 7 weeks. The players were randomly assigned to the experimental (supplemented, FP-S; n = 12) and control (placebo, FB-C; n = 8) groups. Before and after the supplementation period, the participants performed a beep test. Venous blood was sampled for serum analysis before, immediately after, 3 h, and 24 h after the beep test. Serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive products, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, total antioxidant capacity, iron, hepcidin, ferritin, myoglobin, and albumin, and morphological blood parameters (red blood cells, (RBC), haemoglobin (HGB), haematocrit (HCT) mean corpuscular volume (MCV) mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and lactic acid) were determined. Results Chokeberry juice supplementation did not significantly affect the outcome of the beep test. The supplementation did not significantly affect any of the morphological, biochemical, or performance parameters analysed. Conclusions Chokeberry juice supplementation did not affect the measured parameters in the studied population, which may indicate insufficient antioxidant capacity of the juice.

Abstract. Purpose: to clear up effectiveness of learning-education process for counteraction of students' harmful passion to computer games' ubiquity. Material: 1 st -3 rd year students (main health group) were the objects of the research. In total they were 952 boys and 523 girls. In 1 st year students' academic groups testing was carried out ant the beginning of academic year (October); in academic groups of 1 st -3 rd year students the testing was at the end of academic year (May). Results: it was found that among 1 st year boy students ubiquity of computer gaming as well as time losses, connected with it are higher than among girl students. Educational process is not sufficiently effective in struggle against computer gaming. For girls, this passion is not dangerous in general. In the course of study at HEE, the strength of this passion reduces independent on sex. Conclusions: for increase of educational process's effectiveness and improvement of students' life quality it is necessary to consider personal features of boy students as well as to organize health related measures with the help of health related physical culture means.

The purpose of this study was to determine the weight of motor skills in the structure of motor fitness of 7-year-old boys.  Materials and methods. The study participants were 38 7-year-old boys. The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The research methods used in the study include analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, testing of motor fitness, probabilistic approach to assessing the learning process, methods of mathematical statistics.  Results. The level of fitness of the 7-year-old boys is homogeneous by the development of “agility” and “movement coordination”, inhomogeneous – by the development of arm strength and vestibular stability. The 7-year-old boys’ motor fitness is determined by their physical development, the level of general physical fitness and the level of motor skills development. A graphic representation of a two-factor model of testing results shows that analysis identifies two sets of data with high correlation coefficients. The first set includes tests No. 2, 1, 4, and 5, which characterize physical development, agility and endurance; the second – the level of proficiency in exercises No. 14, 13, 12, and the result of test No. 7 “Mixed hang rope pull-ups”. Conclusions. Based on factor analysis, the study found that the level of proficiency in exercises determines the variation of testing results by 28.437%, and the development of motor skills is a priority in the educational process at primary school. The development of “agility” and “movement coordination” ensures the formation of motor skills, and the development of arm strength and vestibular stability is the reserve in training boys aged 7 which will make it possible to increase the effectiveness of the educational process.

Abstract:The purpose of the research: to determine methodological approaches to pedagogic control over motor and functional fitness dynamic of 14-16 years' age girls. Material: in the research 14 years' age (n=31), 15 years' age (n=26) and 16 years' age (n=28) girls participated. Results: for pedagogic control over motor and functional fitness dynamic of 14-16 years' age girls the most informative were the following tests: for 14 years' age girls: "Serkin's test" (0.854), "Shuttle run 4х9 m" (0.833), "Genchy's test" (.814), "Pressing ups in lying position" (.762); for 15 years' age girls: "Hanging on bent arms" (.967), "Jumps with additions" (.964), "Serkin's test" (.928), "Strange's test" (,927); for 16 years age girls: "Jumps with additions" (.959), "Long jump from the spot" (.959), "Genchy's test" (.945), "Strange's test" (.938). Conclusions: factorial intra-group model of motor and functional fitness dynamic of 14, 15 and 16 years' girls is the basis for optimization of pedagogic control at physical culture lessons in schools. In factorial model of motor and functional fitness dynamic of 14 years' age girls, priority place is taken by functional fitness of respiratory and cardio-vascular systems, coordination and power fitness. In 15 years' age girls the place of priority is taken by coordination and power fitness, functional fitness of respiratory and cardio-vascular systems, differentiation of space characteristics of movements. In 16 years old girls the place of priority is taken by functional fitness of respiratory and cardiovascular systems, power fitness and power endurance.

The purpose of the study was to determine the place of motor skills in the motor fitness structure of 9-year-old boys.  Materials and methods. The study participants were 48 9-year-old boys. The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The study used the following research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, testing of motor fitness, probabilistic approach to assessing the learning process, methods of mathematical statistics. In the experiment, the study controlled the level of proficiency in the following exercises: “Rope climbing in two steps”, “Rope climbing in three steps”, “One leg swing upward circle”. Results. The level of fitness of the 9-year-old boys is homogeneous by the development of “agility”, “movement coordination”, “speed strength”, and “endurance”; inhomogeneous – by the development of flexibility, arm strength, vestibular stability, and the level of proficiency in rope climbing. The most informative indicators that determine the level of 9-year-old boys’ motor fitness are: No. 12 “Rope climbing in two steps, level of proficiency” (r = 0.960); No. 13 “Rope climbing in three steps, level of proficiency” (r = 0.960); No. 14 “One leg swing upward circle, level of proficiency” (r = 0.875); No. 10 “Maintenance of stable posture – standing on one leg with closed eyes, s” (r = 0.683). Conclusions. Based on factor analysis, it was found that the level of proficiency in the exercises determines the variation of testing results by 24.287%, and the development of motor skills is a priority in the educational process at primary school. The level of proficiency in rope climbing shows that the exercises are difficult for 9-year-old boys to perform. Based on the data analysis, it can be argued that the comprehensive development of motor abilities ensures the formation of motor skills, and the improvement of the level of development of 9-year-old boys’ arm flexors will positively influence the educational process effectiveness.

Cieślicka Mirosława, Ivashchenko Olga. Features of formation of the cumulative effect of power loads in boys 7 years old. Pedagogy and Psychology of Sport. 2017;3(1):50-60. eISSN 2450-6605. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.250599 http://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/PPS/article/view/PPS.2017.007 Original text Cieślicka Mirosława, Ivashchenko Olga. Features of formation of the cumulative effect of power loads in boys 7 years old. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. 2 Харківський національний педагогічний університет імені Г.С. Сковороди Key words: training effects, immediate, delayed and cumulative training effect, power loads, boys Ключові слова: тренувальний ефект, терміновий, відставлений і кумулятивний тренувальний ефект, силове навантаження, хлопчики SumaryPurpose: To experimentally ground the technological approaches to evaluating training effects of primary schoolers' power loads. Material and methods: To achieve the objectives outlined, the research used the following methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical testing, modeling, pedagogical observation and experiment, methods of mathematical experiment planning (complete factorial experiment, 2 k type), discriminant analysis. The participants in the study were 40 in boys 7 years old. Results: The training pattern affects the dynamics in the test results for the second grade boys. The test results can improve provided that the power load brings about significant changes after the training at each spot, after the training (immediate training effect), and twenty four hours after the power load (delayed training effect). The higher the dynamics is for the immediate and delayed training effects, the more significant are the improved power tests results observed after as few as three lessons.

Abstract. Purpose: analysis of researches on physical culture problems among students in countries of Easter-European region (2013. Material: As sources of information we chose data base of Russia, Poland and Ukraine. Besides, we used sites of the most known journals of Easter-European region. When choosing journals we based on rating of Russia (RISC), Poland (Index Copernicus) and Ukraine (bibliometryka of Ukrainian science) data bases. Results: thematic focus of researches on different physical education, sports and students health aspects was determined. The promising directions of researches are as follows: re-organization of system of students' physical education; interconnection of life quality and organism's resistance to environmental impacts; dependence of students' motor functioning on bad habits' presence; determination of factors, facilitating motivation for sport games in system of students' health related trainings; perceiving of life quality by disabled students; competence and professional skillfulness of specialists in physical culture and sports. Conclusions: it is recommended to use new, attractive forms of students' motor functioning. It is necessary to regulate students' motor functioning, considering motivation for success and for avoiding failures as well as to increase students' psycho-physiological stresses' resistance and to form students' culture of health.

Purpose : the study of the dynamics of engine qualities in the students of III functional health group (special medical group) dependent on age taking into account the frequency of occupations by physical culture for the correction of the program of their physical training. Material: the physical condition is evaluated among 467 students at the age from 18 to 21 year. Observation is carried out in the dynamics of the instruction of students at the university from 1 through 5 semesters. Results: installed age characteristics of physical readiness of students, depending on the frequency of physical training. It is shown that the passage to the single-time in the week occupations by physical culture reliably decreases their physical condition. The features of the dynamics of the physical fitness of students. Conclusions : monitoring the physical fitness of students can be considered as a factor in strengthening the pedagogical orientation of physical education of youth. Should pay particular attention to the development of motor abilities missing with appropriate exercise. Students are encouraged to use the self-study managed to maintain the required physical condition, as well as the mandatory maintenance of a diary of self-control.